diff options
| author | Paul Jakma <paul.jakma@sun.com> | 2006-07-04 14:41:08 +0000 |
|---|---|---|
| committer | Paul Jakma <paul.jakma@sun.com> | 2006-07-04 14:41:08 +0000 |
| commit | 5c1960687024a4ab16d33b58be8c410a935c583b (patch) | |
| tree | 9e4fa9016735f2d4fb95209ab6c3af4b58b78df4 | |
| parent | f7a76abf3078bac6251d4e27f0143a9c0b14dde7 (diff) | |
[doc] remove the auto-generated quagga.info file from CVS
2006-07-04 Paul Jakma <paul.jakma@sun.com>
* quagga.info: remove auto-generated file. It will still be
present in dist tarballs, so shouldn't affect anyone but
direct users of CVS. Required texinfo version should be
widely available.
* .cvsignore: ignore quagga.info
| -rw-r--r-- | doc/.cvsignore | 1 | ||||
| -rw-r--r-- | doc/ChangeLog | 7 | ||||
| -rw-r--r-- | doc/quagga.info | 7227 |
3 files changed, 8 insertions, 7227 deletions
diff --git a/doc/.cvsignore b/doc/.cvsignore index 5c3c752a..43987b24 100644 --- a/doc/.cvsignore +++ b/doc/.cvsignore @@ -7,6 +7,7 @@ zebra.html defines.texi version.texi quagga.html +quagga.info *.pdf *.eps quagga.ps diff --git a/doc/ChangeLog b/doc/ChangeLog index 3b5e45bb..c811cb31 100644 --- a/doc/ChangeLog +++ b/doc/ChangeLog @@ -1,3 +1,10 @@ +2006-07-04 Paul Jakma <paul.jakma@sun.com> + + * quagga.info: remove auto-generated file. It will still be + present in dist tarballs, so shouldn't affect anyone but + direct users of CVS. Required texinfo version should be + widely available. + 2006-06-28 Erik Muller <erikm@internap.com> * ospfd.texi: Document new ospf router subcommand diff --git a/doc/quagga.info b/doc/quagga.info deleted file mode 100644 index 1fe6be10..00000000 --- a/doc/quagga.info +++ /dev/null @@ -1,7227 +0,0 @@ -This is quagga.info, produced by makeinfo version 4.8 from quagga.texi. - - Copyright (C) 1999-2005 Kunihiro Ishiguro, et al. - - Permission is granted to make and distribute verbatim copies of - this manual provided the copyright notice and this permission - notice are preserved on all copies. - - Permission is granted to copy and distribute modified versions of - this manual under the conditions for verbatim copying, provided - that the entire resulting derived work is distributed under the - terms of a permission notice identical to this one. - - Permission is granted to copy and distribute translations of this - manual into another language, under the above conditions for - modified versions, except that this permission notice may be - stated in a translation approved by Kunihiro Ishiguro. - -INFO-DIR-SECTION Routing Software: -START-INFO-DIR-ENTRY -* Quagga: (quagga). The Quagga Software Routing Suite -END-INFO-DIR-ENTRY - - This file documents the Quagga Software Routing Suite which manages -common TCP/IP routing protocols. - - This is Edition 0.99.4, last updated 10 September 2005 of `The -Quagga Manual', for Quagga Version 0.99.4. - - Copyright (C) 1999-2005 Kunihiro Ishiguro, et al. - - Permission is granted to make and distribute verbatim copies of - this manual provided the copyright notice and this permission - notice are preserved on all copies. - - Permission is granted to copy and distribute modified versions of - this manual under the conditions for verbatim copying, provided - that the entire resulting derived work is distributed under the - terms of a permission notice identical to this one. - - Permission is granted to copy and distribute translations of this - manual into another language, under the above conditions for - modified versions, except that this permission notice may be - stated in a translation approved by Kunihiro Ishiguro. - - -File: quagga.info, Node: Top, Next: Overview, Up: (dir) - -Quagga -****** - -Quagga is an advanced routing software package that provides a suite of -TCP/IP based routing protocols. This is the Manual for Quagga 0.99.4. -Quagga is a fork of GNU Zebra. - - Copyright (C) 1999-2005 Kunihiro Ishiguro, et al. - - Permission is granted to make and distribute verbatim copies of - this manual provided the copyright notice and this permission - notice are preserved on all copies. - - Permission is granted to copy and distribute modified versions of - this manual under the conditions for verbatim copying, provided - that the entire resulting derived work is distributed under the - terms of a permission notice identical to this one. - - Permission is granted to copy and distribute translations of this - manual into another language, under the above conditions for - modified versions, except that this permission notice may be - stated in a translation approved by Kunihiro Ishiguro. - -* Menu: - -* Overview:: -* Installation:: -* Basic commands:: -* Zebra:: -* RIP:: -* RIPng:: -* OSPFv2:: -* OSPFv3:: -* BGP:: -* Configuring Quagga as a Route Server:: -* VTY shell:: -* Filtering:: -* Route Map:: -* IPv6 Support:: -* Kernel Interface:: -* SNMP Support:: -* Zebra Protocol:: -* Packet Binary Dump Format:: -* Command Index:: -* VTY Key Index:: - - -File: quagga.info, Node: Overview, Next: Installation, Prev: Top, Up: Top - -1 Overview -********** - -Quagga is a routing software package that provides TCP/IP based routing -services with routing protocols support such as RIPv1, RIPv2, RIPng, -OSPFv2, OSPFv3, BGP-4, and BGP-4+ (*note Supported RFC::). Quagga also -supports special BGP Route Reflector and Route Server behavior. In -addition to traditional IPv4 routing protocols, Quagga also supports -IPv6 routing protocols. With SNMP daemon which supports SMUX protocol, -Quagga provides routing protocol MIBs (*note SNMP Support::). - - Quagga uses an advanced software architecture to provide you with a -high quality, multi server routing engine. Quagga has an interactive -user interface for each routing protocol and supports common client -commands. Due to this design, you can add new protocol daemons to -Quagga easily. You can use Quagga library as your program's client -user interface. - - Quagga is distributed under the GNU General Public License. - -* Menu: - -* About Quagga:: Basic information about Quagga -* System Architecture:: The Quagga system architecture -* Supported Platforms:: Supported platforms and future plans -* Supported RFC:: Supported RFCs -* How to get Quagga:: -* Mailing List:: Mailing list information -* Bug Reports:: Mail address for bug data - - -File: quagga.info, Node: About Quagga, Next: System Architecture, Up: Overview - -1.1 About Quagga -================ - -Today, TCP/IP networks are covering all of the world. The Internet has -been deployed in many countries, companies, and to the home. When you -connect to the Internet your packet will pass many routers which have -TCP/IP routing functionality. - - A system with Quagga installed acts as a dedicated router. With -Quagga, your machine exchanges routing information with other routers -using routing protocols. Quagga uses this information to update the -kernel routing table so that the right data goes to the right place. -You can dynamically change the configuration and you may view routing -table information from the Quagga terminal interface. - - Adding to routing protocol support, Quagga can setup interface's -flags, interface's address, static routes and so on. If you have a -small network, or a stub network, or xDSL connection, configuring the -Quagga routing software is very easy. The only thing you have to do is -to set up the interfaces and put a few commands about static routes -and/or default routes. If the network is rather large, or if the -network structure changes frequently, you will want to take advantage -of Quagga's dynamic routing protocol support for protocols such as RIP, -OSPF or BGP. - - Traditionally, UNIX based router configuration is done by `ifconfig' -and `route' commands. Status of routing table is displayed by -`netstat' utility. Almost of these commands work only if the user has -root privileges. Quagga has a different system administration method. -There are two user modes in Quagga. One is normal mode, the other is -enable mode. Normal mode user can only view system status, enable mode -user can change system configuration. This UNIX account independent -feature will be great help to the router administrator. - - Currently, Quagga supports common unicast routing protocols. -Multicast routing protocols such as BGMP, PIM-SM, PIM-DM may be -supported in Quagga 2.0. MPLS support is going on. In the future, -TCP/IP filtering control, QoS control, diffserv configuration will be -added to Quagga. Quagga project's final goal is making a productive, -quality, free TCP/IP routing software. - - -File: quagga.info, Node: System Architecture, Next: Supported Platforms, Prev: About Quagga, Up: Overview - -1.2 System Architecture -======================= - -Traditional routing software is made as a one process program which -provides all of the routing protocol functionalities. Quagga takes a -different approach. It is made from a collection of several daemons -that work together to build the routing table. There may be several -protocol-specific routing daemons and zebra the kernel routing manager. - - The `ripd' daemon handles the RIP protocol, while `ospfd' is a -daemon which supports OSPF version 2. `bgpd' supports the BGP-4 -protocol. For changing the kernel routing table and for redistribution -of routes between different routing protocols, there is a kernel -routing table manager `zebra' daemon. It is easy to add a new routing -protocol daemons to the entire routing system without affecting any -other software. You need to run only the protocol daemon associated -with routing protocols in use. Thus, user may run a specific daemon -and send routing reports to a central routing console. - - There is no need for these daemons to be running on the same -machine. You can even run several same protocol daemons on the same -machine. This architecture creates new possibilities for the routing -system. - - +----+ +----+ +-----+ +-----+ - |bgpd| |ripd| |ospfd| |zebra| - +----+ +----+ +-----+ +-----+ - | - +---------------------------|--+ - | v | - | UNIX Kernel routing table | - | | - +------------------------------+ - - Quagga System Architecture - - Multi-process architecture brings extensibility, modularity and -maintainability. At the same time it also brings many configuration -files and terminal interfaces. Each daemon has it's own configuration -file and terminal interface. When you configure a static route, it -must be done in `zebra' configuration file. When you configure BGP -network it must be done in `bgpd' configuration file. This can be a -very annoying thing. To resolve the problem, Quagga provides -integrated user interface shell called `vtysh'. `vtysh' connects to -each daemon with UNIX domain socket and then works as a proxy for user -input. - - Quagga was planned to use multi-threaded mechanism when it runs with -a kernel that supports multi-threads. But at the moment, the thread -library which comes with GNU/Linux or FreeBSD has some problems with -running reliable services such as routing software, so we don't use -threads at all. Instead we use the `select(2)' system call for -multiplexing the events. - - -File: quagga.info, Node: Supported Platforms, Next: Supported RFC, Prev: System Architecture, Up: Overview - -1.3 Supported Platforms -======================= - -Currently Quagga supports GNU/Linux, BSD and Solaris. Porting Quagga to -other platforms is not too difficult as platform dependent code should -most be limited to the `zebra' daemon. Protocol daemons are mostly -platform independent. Please let us know when you find out Quagga runs -on a platform which is not listed below. - - The list of officially supported platforms are listed below. Note -that Quagga may run correctly on other platforms, and may run with -partial functionality on further platforms. - - - * GNU/Linux 2.2.x and higher - - * FreeBSD 4.x and higher - - * NetBSD 1.6 and higher - - * OpenBSD 2.5 and higher - - * Solaris 2.6 and higher (IPv6 support requires a patch at moment) - - - Some IPv6 stacks are in development. Quagga supports following IPv6 -stacks. For BSD, we recommend KAME IPv6 stack. Solaris IPv6 stack is -not yet supported. - - * Linux IPv6 stack for GNU/Linux 2.2.x and higher. - - * KAME IPv6 stack for BSD. - - * INRIA IPv6 stack for BSD. - - -File: quagga.info, Node: Supported RFC, Next: How to get Quagga, Prev: Supported Platforms, Up: Overview - -1.4 Supported RFC -================= - -Below is the list of currently supported RFC's. - -RFC1058 - `Routing Information Protocol. C.L. Hedrick. Jun-01-1988.' - -RF2082 - `RIP-2 MD5 Authentication. F. Baker, R. Atkinson. January 1997.' - -RFC2453 - `RIP Version 2. G. Malkin. November 1998.' - -RFC2080 - `RIPng for IPv6. G. Malkin, R. Minnear. January 1997.' - -RFC2328 - `OSPF Version 2. J. Moy. April 1998.' - -RFC2370 - `The OSPF Opaque LSA Option R. Coltun. July 1998.' - -RFC3101 - `The OSPF Not-So-Stubby Area (NSSA) Option P. Murphy. January - 2003.' - -RFC2740 - `OSPF for IPv6. R. Coltun, D. Ferguson, J. Moy. December 1999.' - -RFC1771 - `A Border Gateway Protocol 4 (BGP-4). Y. Rekhter & T. Li. March - 1995.' - -RFC1965 - `Autonomous System Confederations for BGP. P. Traina. June 1996.' - -RFC1997 - `BGP Communities Attribute. R. Chandra, P. Traina & T. Li. August - 1996.' - -RFC2545 - `Use of BGP-4 Multiprotocol Extensions for IPv6 Inter-Domain - Routing. P. Marques, F. Dupont. March 1999.' - -RFC2796 - `BGP Route Reflection An alternative to full mesh IBGP. T. Bates & - R. Chandrasekeran. June 1996.' - -RFC2858 - `Multiprotocol Extensions for BGP-4. T. Bates, Y. Rekhter, R. - Chandra, D. Katz. June 2000.' - -RFC2842 - `Capabilities Advertisement with BGP-4. R. Chandra, J. Scudder. - May 2000.' - -RFC3137 - `OSPF Stub Router Advertisement, A. Retana, L. Nguyen, R. White, - A. Zinin, D. McPherson. June 2001' - - When SNMP support is enabled, below RFC is also supported. - -RFC1227 - `SNMP MUX protocol and MIB. M.T. Rose. May-01-1991.' - -RFC1657 - `Definitions of Managed Objects for the Fourth Version of the - Border Gateway Protocol (BGP-4) using SMIv2. S. Willis, J. Burruss, - J. Chu, Editor. July 1994.' - -RFC1724 - `RIP Version 2 MIB Extension. G. Malkin & F. Baker. November 1994.' - -RFC1850 - `OSPF Version 2 Management Information Base. F. Baker, R. Coltun. - November 1995.' - - - -File: quagga.info, Node: How to get Quagga, Next: Mailing List, Prev: Supported RFC, Up: Overview - -1.5 How to get Quagga -===================== - -Quagga is still beta software and there is no officially released -version. - - Zebra's official web page is located at: - - `http://www.gnu.org/software/zebra/zebra.html'. - - The original Zebra web site is located at: - - `http://www.zebra.org/'. - - As of this writing, development by zebra.org on Zebra has slowed -down. Some work is being done by third-parties to try maintain -bug-fixes and enhancements to the current Zebra code-base, which has -resulted in a fork of Zebra called Quagga, see: - - `http://www.quagga.net/' - - for further information, as well as links to additional zebra -resources. - - -File: quagga.info, Node: Mailing List, Next: Bug Reports, Prev: How to get Quagga, Up: Overview - -1.6 Mailing List -================ - -There is a mailing list for discussions about Quagga. If you have any -comments or suggestions to Quagga, please subscribe to: - - `http://lists.quagga.net/mailman/listinfo/quagga-users'. - - The Quagga site has further information on the available mailing -lists, see: - - `http://www.quagga.net/lists.php' - - -File: quagga.info, Node: Bug Reports, Prev: Mailing List, Up: Overview - -1.7 Bug Reports -=============== - -If you think you have found a bug, please send a bug report to: - - `http://bugzilla.quagga.net' - - When you send a bug report, please be careful about the points below. - - * Please note what kind of OS you are using. If you use the IPv6 - stack please note that as well. - - * Please show us the results of `netstat -rn' and `ifconfig -a'. - Information from zebra's VTY command `show ip route' will also be - helpful. - - * Please send your configuration file with the report. If you - specify arguments to the configure script please note that too. - - Bug reports are very important for us to improve the quality of -Quagga. Quagga is still in the development stage, but please don't -hesitate to send a bug report to `http://bugzilla.quagga.net'. - - -File: quagga.info, Node: Installation, Next: Basic commands, Prev: Overview, Up: Top - -2 Installation -************** - -There are three steps for installing the software: configuration, -compilation, and installation. - -* Menu: - -* Configure the Software:: -* Build the Software:: -* Install the Software:: - - The easiest way to get Quagga running is to issue the following -commands: - - % configure - % make - % make install - - -File: quagga.info, Node: Configure the Software, Next: Build the Software, Up: Installation - -2.1 Configure the Software -========================== - -* Menu: - -* The Configure script and its options:: -* Least-Privilege support:: -* Linux notes:: - - -File: quagga.info, Node: The Configure script and its options, Next: Least-Privilege support, Up: Configure the Software - -2.1.1 The Configure script and its options ------------------------------------------- - -Quagga has an excellent configure script which automatically detects -most host configurations. There are several additional configure -options you can use to turn off IPv6 support, to disable the -compilation of specific daemons, and to enable SNMP support. - -`--enable-guile' - Turn on compilation of the zebra-guile interpreter. You will need - the guile library to make this. zebra-guile implementation is not - yet finished. So this option is only useful for zebra-guile - developers. - -`--disable-ipv6' - Turn off IPv6 related features and daemons. Quagga configure - script automatically detects IPv6 stack. But sometimes you might - want to disable IPv6 support of Quagga. - -`--disable-zebra' - Do not build zebra daemon. - -`--disable-ripd' - Do not build ripd. - -`--disable-ripngd' - Do not build ripngd. - -`--disable-ospfd' - Do not build ospfd. - -`--disable-ospf6d' - Do not build ospf6d. - -`--disable-bgpd' - Do not build bgpd. - -`--disable-bgp-announce' - Make `bgpd' which does not make bgp announcements at all. This - feature is good for using `bgpd' as a BGP announcement listener. - -`--enable-netlink' - Force to enable GNU/Linux netlink interface. Quagga configure - script detects netlink interface by checking a header file. When - the header file does not match to the current running kernel, - configure script will not turn on netlink support. - -`--enable-snmp' - Enable SNMP support. By default, SNMP support is disabled. - -`--enable-opaque-lsa' - Enable support for Opaque LSAs (RFC2370) in ospfd. - -`--disable-ospfapi' - Disable support for OSPF-API, an API to interface directly with - ospfd. OSPF-API is enabled if -enable-opaque-lsa is set. - -`--disable-ospfclient' - Disable building of the example OSPF-API client. - -`--enable-ospf-te' - Enable support for OSPF Traffic Engineering Extension - (internet-draft) this requires support for Opaque LSAs. - -`--enable-multipath=ARG' - Enable support for Equal Cost Multipath. ARG is the maximum number - of ECMP paths to allow, set to 0 to allow unlimited number of - paths. - -`--enable-rtadv' - Enable support IPV6 router advertisement in zebra. - - You may specify any combination of the above options to the configure -script. By default, the executables are placed in `/usr/local/sbin' -and the configuration files in `/usr/local/etc'. The `/usr/local/' -installation prefix and other directories may be changed using the -following options to the configuration script. - -`--prefix=PREFIX' - Install architecture-independent files in PREFIX [/usr/local]. - -`--sysconfdir=DIR' - Look for configuration files in DIR [PREFIX/etc]. Note that sample - configuration files will be installed here. - -`--localstatedir=DIR' - Configure zebra to use DIR for local state files, such as pid - files and unix sockets. - - % ./configure --disable-ipv6 - - This command will configure zebra and the routing daemons. - - -File: quagga.info, Node: Least-Privilege support, Next: Linux notes, Prev: The Configure script and its options, Up: Configure the Software - -2.1.2 Least-Privilege support ------------------------------ - -Additionally, you may configure zebra to drop its elevated privileges -shortly after startup and switch to another user. The configure script -will automatically try to configure this support. There are three -configure options to control the behaviour of Quagga daemons. - -`--enable-user=USER' - Switch to user ARG shortly after startup, and run as user ARG in - normal operation. - -`--enable-group=GROUP' - Switch real and effective group to GROUP shortly after startup. - -`--enable-vty-group=GROUP' - Create Unix Vty sockets (for use with vtysh) with group owndership - set to GROUP. This allows one to create a seperate group which is - restricted to accessing only the Vty sockets, hence allowing one to - delegate this group to individual users, or to run vtysh setgid to - this group. - - The default user and group which will be configured is 'quagga' if -no user or group is specified. Note that this user or group requires -write access to the local state directory (see -localstatedir) and -requires at least read access, and write access if you wish to allow -daemons to write out their configuration, to the configuration -directory (see -sysconfdir). - - On systems which have the 'libcap' capabilities manipulation library -(currently only linux), the quagga system will retain only minimal -capabilities required, further it will only raise these capabilities for -brief periods. On systems without libcap, quagga will run as the user -specified and only raise its uid back to uid 0 for brief periods. - - -File: quagga.info, Node: Linux notes, Prev: Least-Privilege support, Up: Configure the Software - -2.1.3 Linux Notes ------------------ - -There are several options available only to GNU/Linux systems: (1). If -you use GNU/Linux, make sure that the current kernel configuration is -what you want. Quagga will run with any kernel configuration but some -recommendations do exist. - -CONFIG_NETLINK - Kernel/User netlink socket. This is a brand new feature which - enables an advanced interface between the Linux kernel and zebra - (*note Kernel Interface::). - -CONFIG_RTNETLINK - Routing messages. This makes it possible to receive netlink - routing messages. If you specify this option, `zebra' can detect - routing information updates directly from the kernel (*note Kernel - Interface::). - -CONFIG_IP_MULTICAST - IP: multicasting. This option should be specified when you use - `ripd' (*note RIP::) or `ospfd' (*note OSPFv2::) because these - protocols use multicast. - - - IPv6 support has been added in GNU/Linux kernel version 2.2. If you -try to use the Quagga IPv6 feature on a GNU/Linux kernel, please make -sure the following libraries have been installed. Please note that -these libraries will not be needed when you uses GNU C library 2.1 or -upper. - -`inet6-apps' - The `inet6-apps' package includes basic IPv6 related libraries such - as `inet_ntop' and `inet_pton'. Some basic IPv6 programs such as - `ping', `ftp', and `inetd' are also included. The `inet-apps' can - be found at `ftp://ftp.inner.net/pub/ipv6/'. - -`net-tools' - The `net-tools' package provides an IPv6 enabled interface and - routing utility. It contains `ifconfig', `route', `netstat', and - other tools. `net-tools' may be found at - `http://www.tazenda.demon.co.uk/phil/net-tools/'. - - - ---------- Footnotes ---------- - - (1) GNU/Linux has very flexible kernel configuration features - - -File: quagga.info, Node: Build the Software, Next: Install the Software, Prev: Configure the Software, Up: Installation - -2.2 Build the Software -====================== - -After configuring the software, you will need to compile it for your -system. Simply issue the command `make' in the root of the source -directory and the software will be compiled. If you have *any* problems -at this stage, be certain to send a bug report *Note Bug Reports::. - - % ./configure - . - . - . - ./configure output - . - . - . - % make - - -File: quagga.info, Node: Install the Software, Prev: Build the Software, Up: Installation - -2.3 Install the Software -======================== - -Installing the software to your system consists of copying the compiled -programs and supporting files to a standard location. After the -installation process has completed, these files have been copied from -your work directory to `/usr/local/bin', and `/usr/local/etc'. - - To install the Quagga suite, issue the following command at your -shell prompt: `make install'. - - % - % make install - % - - Quagga daemons have their own terminal interface or VTY. After -installation, you have to setup each beast's port number to connect to -them. Please add the following entries to `/etc/services'. - - zebrasrv 2600/tcp # zebra service - zebra 2601/tcp # zebra vty - ripd 2602/tcp # RIPd vty - ripngd 2603/tcp # RIPngd vty - ospfd 2604/tcp # OSPFd vty - bgpd 2605/tcp # BGPd vty - ospf6d 2606/tcp # OSPF6d vty - ospfapi 2607/tcp # ospfapi - isisd 2608/tcp # ISISd vty - - If you use a FreeBSD newer than 2.2.8, the above entries are already -added to `/etc/services' so there is no need to add it. If you specify -a port number when starting the daemon, these entries may not be needed. - - You may need to make changes to the config files in -`/etc/quagga/*.conf'. *Note Config Commands::. - - -File: quagga.info, Node: Basic commands, Next: Zebra, Prev: Installation, Up: Top - -3 Basic commands -**************** - -There are five routing daemons in use, and there is one manager daemon. -These daemons may be located on separate machines from the manager -daemon. Each of these daemons will listen on a particular port for -incoming VTY connections. The routing daemons are: - - * `ripd', `ripngd', `ospfd', `ospf6d', `bgpd' - - * `zebra' - - The following sections discuss commands common to all the routing -daemons. - -* Menu: - -* Terminal Mode Commands:: Common commands used in a VTY -* Config Commands:: Commands used in config files -* Common Invocation Options:: Starting the daemons -* Virtual Terminal Interfaces:: Interacting with the daemons - - -File: quagga.info, Node: Config Commands, Next: Common Invocation Options, Prev: Terminal Mode Commands, Up: Basic commands - -3.1 Config Commands -=================== - -* Menu: - -* Basic Config Commands:: Some of the generic config commands -* Sample Config File:: An example config file - - In a config file, you can write the debugging options, a vty's -password, routing daemon configurations, a log file name, and so forth. -This information forms the initial command set for a routing beast as -it is starting. - - Config files are generally found in: - - `/etc/quagga/*.conf' - - Each of the daemons has its own config file. For example, zebra's -default config file name is: - - `/etc/quagga/zebra.conf' - - The daemon name plus `.conf' is the default config file name. You -can specify a config file using the `-f' or `--config-file' options -when starting the daemon. - - -File: quagga.info, Node: Basic Config Commands, Next: Sample Config File, Up: Config Commands - -3.1.1 Basic Config Commands ---------------------------- - - -- Command: hostname HOSTNAME - Set hostname of the router. - - -- Command: password PASSWORD - Set password for vty interface. If there is no password, a vty - won't accept connections. - - -- Command: enable password PASSWORD - Set enable password. - - -- Command: log trap LEVEL - -- Command: no log trap - These commands are deprecated and are present only for historical - compatibility. The log trap command sets the current logging - level for all enabled logging destinations, and it sets the - default for all future logging commands that do not specify a - level. The normal default logging level is debugging. The `no' - form of the command resets the default level for future logging - commands to debugging, but it does not change the logging level of - existing logging destinations. - - -- Command: log stdout - -- Command: log stdout LEVEL - -- Command: no log stdout - Enable logging output to stdout. If the optional second argument - specifying the logging level is not present, the default logging - level (typically debugging, but can be changed using the - deprecated `log trap' command) will be used. The `no' form of the - command disables logging to stdout. The `level' argument must - have one of these values: emergencies, alerts, critical, errors, - warnings, notifications, informational, or debugging. Note that - the existing code logs its most important messages with severity - `errors'. - - -- Command: log file FILENAME - -- Command: log file FILENAME LEVEL - -- Command: no log file - If you want to log into a file, please specify `filename' as in - this example: - log file /var/log/quagga/bgpd.log informational - If the optional second argument specifying the logging level is - not present, the default logging level (typically debugging, but - can be changed using the deprecated `log trap' command) will be - used. The `no' form of the command disables logging to a file. - - Note: if you do not configure any file logging, and a daemon - crashes due to a signal or an assertion failure, it will attempt - to save the crash information in a file named - /var/tmp/quagga.<daemon name>.crashlog. For security reasons, - this will not happen if the file exists already, so it is - important to delete the file after reporting the crash information. - - -- Command: log syslog - -- Command: log syslog LEVEL - -- Command: no log syslog - Enable logging output to syslog. If the optional second argument - specifying the logging level is not present, the default logging - level (typically debugging, but can be changed using the - deprecated `log trap' command) will be used. The `no' form of the - command disables logging to syslog. - - -- Command: log monitor - -- Command: log monitor LEVEL - -- Command: no log monitor - Enable logging output to vty terminals that have enabled logging - using the `terminal monitor' command. By default, monitor logging - is enabled at the debugging level, but this command (or the - deprecated `log trap' command) can be used to change the monitor - logging level. If the optional second argument specifying the - logging level is not present, the default logging level (typically - debugging, but can be changed using the deprecated `log trap' - command) will be used. The `no' form of the command disables - logging to terminal monitors. - - -- Command: log facility FACILITY - -- Command: no log facility - This command changes the facility used in syslog messages. The - default facility is `daemon'. The `no' form of the command resets - the facility to the default `daemon' facility. - - -- Command: log record-priority - -- Command: no log record-priority - To include the severity in all messages logged to a file, to - stdout, or to a terminal monitor (i.e. anything except syslog), - use the `log record-priority' global configuration command. To - disable this option, use the `no' form of the command. By default, - the severity level is not included in logged messages. Note: some - versions of syslogd (including Solaris) can be configured to - include the facility and level in the messages emitted. - - -- Command: service password-encryption - Encrypt password. - - -- Command: service advanced-vty - Enable advanced mode VTY. - - -- Command: service terminal-length <0-512> - Set system wide line configuration. This configuration command - applies to all VTY interfaces. - - -- Command: line vty - Enter vty configuration mode. - - -- Command: banner motd default - Set default motd string. - - -- Command: no banner motd - No motd banner string will be printed. - - -- Line Command: exec-timeout MINUTE - -- Line Command: exec-timeout MINUTE SECOND - Set VTY connection timeout value. When only one argument is - specified it is used for timeout value in minutes. Optional - second argument is used for timeout value in seconds. Default - timeout value is 10 minutes. When timeout value is zero, it means - no timeout. - - -- Line Command: no exec-timeout - Do not perform timeout at all. This command is as same as - `exec-timeout 0 0'. - - -- Line Command: access-class ACCESS-LIST - Restrict vty connections with an access list. - - -File: quagga.info, Node: Sample Config File, Prev: Basic Config Commands, Up: Config Commands - -3.1.2 Sample Config File ------------------------- - -Below is a sample configuration file for the zebra daemon. - - ! - ! Zebra configuration file - ! - hostname Router - password zebra - enable password zebra - ! - log stdout - ! - ! - - '!' and '#' are comment characters. If the first character of the -word is one of the comment characters then from the rest of the line -forward will be ignored as a comment. - - password zebra!password - - If a comment character is not the first character of the word, it's a -normal character. So in the above example '!' will not be regarded as a -comment and the password is set to 'zebra!password'. - - -File: quagga.info, Node: Terminal Mode Commands, Next: Config Commands, Up: Basic commands - -3.2 Terminal Mode Commands -========================== - - -- Command: write terminal - Displays the current configuration to the vty interface. - - -- Command: write file - Write current configuration to configuration file. - - -- Command: configure terminal - Change to configuration mode. This command is the first step to - configuration. - - -- Command: terminal length <0-512> - Set terminal display length to <0-512>. If length is 0, no - display control is performed. - - -- Command: who - Show a list of currently connected vty sessions. - - -- Command: list - List all available commands. - - -- Command: show version - Show the current version of Quagga and its build host information. - - -- Command: show logging - Shows the current configuration of the logging system. This - includes the status of all logging destinations. - - -- Command: logmsg LEVEL MESSAGE - Send a message to all logging destinations that are enabled for - messages of the given severity. - - -File: quagga.info, Node: Common Invocation Options, Next: Virtual Terminal Interfaces, Prev: Config Commands, Up: Basic commands - -3.3 Common Invocation Options -============================= - -These options apply to all Quagga daemons. - -`-d' -`--daemon' - Runs in daemon mode. - -`-f FILE' -`--config_file=FILE' - Set configuration file name. - -`-h' -`--help' - Display this help and exit. - -`-i FILE' -`--pid_file=FILE' - Upon startup the process identifier of the daemon is written to a - file, typically in `/var/run'. This file can be used by the init - system to implement commands such as `.../init.d/zebra status', - `.../init.d/zebra restart' or `.../init.d/zebra stop'. - - The file name is an run-time option rather than a configure-time - option so that multiple routing daemons can be run simultaneously. - This is useful when using Quagga to implement a routing looking - glass. One machine can be used to collect differing routing views - from differing points in the network. - -`-A ADDRESS' -`--vty_addr=ADDRESS' - Set the VTY local address to bind to. If set, the VTY socket will - only be bound to this address. - -`-P PORT' -`--vty_port=PORT' - Set the VTY TCP port number. If set to 0 then the TCP VTY sockets - will not be opened. - -`-u USER' -`--vty_addr=USER' - Set the user and group to run as. - -`-v' -`--version' - Print program version. - - - -File: quagga.info, Node: Virtual Terminal Interfaces, Prev: Common Invocation Options, Up: Basic commands - -3.4 Virtual Terminal Interfaces -=============================== - -VTY - Virtual Terminal [aka TeletYpe] Interface is a command line -interface (CLI) for user interaction with the routing daemon. - -* Menu: - -* VTY Overview:: Basics about VTYs -* VTY Modes:: View, Enable, and Other VTY modes -* VTY CLI Commands:: Commands for movement, edition, and management - - -File: quagga.info, Node: VTY Overview, Next: VTY Modes, Up: Virtual Terminal Interfaces - -3.4.1 VTY Overview ------------------- - -VTY stands for Virtual TeletYpe interface. It means you can connect to -the daemon via the telnet protocol. - - To enable a VTY interface, you have to setup a VTY password. If -there is no VTY password, one cannot connect to the VTY interface at -all. - - % telnet localhost 2601 - Trying 127.0.0.1... - Connected to localhost. - Escape character is '^]'. - - Hello, this is Quagga (version 0.99.4) - Copyright (C) 1999-2005 Kunihiro Ishiguro, et al. - - User Access Verification - - Password: XXXXX - Router> ? - enable Turn on privileged commands - exit Exit current mode and down to previous mode - help Description of the interactive help system - list Print command list - show Show running system information - who Display who is on a vty - Router> enable - Password: XXXXX - Router# configure terminal - Router(config)# interface eth0 - Router(config-if)# ip address 10.0.0.1/8 - Router(config-if)# ^Z - Router# - - '?' is very useful for looking up commands. - - -File: quagga.info, Node: VTY Modes, Next: VTY CLI Commands, Prev: VTY Overview, Up: Virtual Terminal Interfaces - -3.4.2 VTY Modes ---------------- - -There are three basic VTY modes: - -* Menu: - -* VTY View Mode:: Mode for read-only interaction -* VTY Enable Mode:: Mode for read-write interaction -* VTY Other Modes:: Special modes (tftp, etc) - - There are commands that may be restricted to specific VTY modes. - - -File: quagga.info, Node: VTY View Mode, Next: VTY Enable Mode, Up: VTY Modes - -3.4.2.1 VTY View Mode -..................... - -This mode is for read-only access to the CLI. One may exit the mode by -leaving the system, or by entering `enable' mode. - - -File: quagga.info, Node: VTY Enable Mode, Next: VTY Other Modes, Prev: VTY View Mode, Up: VTY Modes - -3.4.2.2 VTY Enable Mode -....................... - -This mode is for read-write access to the CLI. One may exit the mode by -leaving the system, or by escaping to view mode. - - -File: quagga.info, Node: VTY Other Modes, Prev: VTY Enable Mode, Up: VTY Modes - -3.4.2.3 VTY Other Modes -....................... - -This page is for describing other modes. - - -File: quagga.info, Node: VTY CLI Commands, Prev: VTY Modes, Up: Virtual Terminal Interfaces - -3.4.3 VTY CLI Commands ----------------------- - -Commands that you may use at the command-line are described in the -following three subsubsections. - -* Menu: - -* CLI Movement Commands:: Commands for moving the cursor about -* CLI Editing Commands:: Commands for changing text -* CLI Advanced Commands:: Other commands, session management and so on - - -File: quagga.info, Node: CLI Movement Commands, Next: CLI Editing Commands, Up: VTY CLI Commands - -3.4.3.1 CLI Movement Commands -............................. - -These commands are used for moving the CLI cursor. The <C> character -means press the Control Key. - -`C-f' -`<RIGHT>' - Move forward one character. - -`C-b' -`<LEFT>' - Move backward one character. - -`M-f' - Move forward one word. - -`M-b' - Move backward one word. - -`C-a' - Move to the beginning of the line. - -`C-e' - Move to the end of the line. - - - -File: quagga.info, Node: CLI Editing Commands, Next: CLI Advanced Commands, Prev: CLI Movement Commands, Up: VTY CLI Commands - -3.4.3.2 CLI Editing Commands -............................ - -These commands are used for editing text on a line. The <C> character -means press the Control Key. - -`C-h' -`<DEL>' - Delete the character before point. - -`C-d' - Delete the character after point. - -`M-d' - Forward kill word. - -`C-w' - Backward kill word. - -`C-k' - Kill to the end of the line. - -`C-u' - Kill line from the beginning, erasing input. - -`C-t' - Transpose character. - - - -File: quagga.info, Node: CLI Advanced Commands, Prev: CLI Editing Commands, Up: VTY CLI Commands - -3.4.3.3 CLI Advanced Commands -............................. - -There are several additional CLI commands for command line completions, -insta-help, and VTY session management. - -`C-c' - Interrupt current input and moves to the next line. - -`C-z' - End current configuration session and move to top node. - -`C-n' -`<DOWN>' - Move down to next line in the history buffer. - -`C-p' -`<UP>' - Move up to previous line in the history buffer. - -`TAB' - Use command line completion by typing <TAB>. - -`' - You can use command line help by typing `help' at the beginning of - the line. Typing `?' at any point in the line will show possible - completions. - - - -File: quagga.info, Node: Zebra, Next: RIP, Prev: Basic commands, Up: Top - -4 Zebra -******* - -`zebra' is an IP routing manager. It provides kernel routing table -updates, interface lookups, and redistribution of routes between -different routing protocols. - -* Menu: - -* Invoking zebra:: Running the program -* Interface Commands:: Commands for zebra interfaces -* Static Route Commands:: Commands for adding static routes -* zebra Terminal Mode Commands:: Commands for zebra's VTY - - -File: quagga.info, Node: Invoking zebra, Next: Interface Commands, Up: Zebra - -4.1 Invoking zebra -================== - -Besides the common invocation options (*note Common Invocation -Options::), the `zebra' specific invocation options are listed below. - -`-b' -`--batch' - Runs in batch mode. `zebra' parses configuration file and - terminates immediately. - -`-k' -`--keep_kernel' - When zebra starts up, don't delete old self inserted routes. - -`-r' -`--retain' - When program terminates, retain routes added by zebra. - - - -File: quagga.info, Node: Interface Commands, Next: Static Route Commands, Prev: Invoking zebra, Up: Zebra - -4.2 Interface Commands -====================== - - -- Command: interface IFNAME - - -- Interface Command: shutdown - -- Interface Command: no shutdown - Up or down the current interface. - - -- Interface Command: ip address ADDRESS/PREFIX - -- Interface Command: ip6 address ADDRESS/PREFIX - -- Interface Command: no ip address ADDRESS/PREFIX - -- Interface Command: no ip6 address ADDRESS/PREFIX - Set the IPv4 or IPv6 address/prefix for the interface. - - -- Interface Command: ip address ADDRESS/PREFIX secondary - -- Interface Command: no ip address ADDRESS/PREFIX secondary - Set the secondary flag for this address. This causes ospfd to not - treat the address as a distinct subnet. - - -- Interface Command: description DESCRIPTION ... - Set description for the interface. - - -- Interface Command: multicast - -- Interface Command: no multicast - Enable or disables multicast flag for the interface. - - -- Interface Command: bandwidth <1-10000000> - -- Interface Command: no bandwidth <1-10000000> - Set bandwidth value of the interface in kilobits/sec. This is for - calculating OSPF cost. This command does not affect the actual - device configuration. - - -- Interface Command: link-detect - -- Interface Command: no link-detect - Enable/disable link-detect on platforms which support this. - Currently only linux and with certain drivers - those which - properly support the IFF_RUNNING flag. - - -File: quagga.info, Node: Static Route Commands, Next: zebra Terminal Mode Commands, Prev: Interface Commands, Up: Zebra - -4.3 Static Route Commands -========================= - -Static routing is a very fundamental feature of routing technology. It -defines static prefix and gateway. - - -- Command: ip route NETWORK GATEWAY - NETWORK is destination prefix with format of A.B.C.D/M. GATEWAY - is gateway for the prefix. When GATEWAY is A.B.C.D format. It is - taken as a IPv4 address gateway. Otherwise it is treated as an - interface name. If the interface name is NULL0 then zebra installs - a blackhole route. - - ip route 10.0.0.0/8 10.0.0.2 - ip route 10.0.0.0/8 ppp0 - ip route 10.0.0.0/8 null0 - - First example defines 10.0.0.0/8 static route with gateway - 10.0.0.2. Second one defines the same prefix but with gateway to - interface ppp0. The third install a blackhole route. - - -- Command: ip route NETWORK NETMASK GATEWAY - This is alternate version of above command. When NETWORK is - A.B.C.D format, user must define NETMASK value with A.B.C.D - format. GATEWAY is same option as above command - - ip route 10.0.0.0 255.255.255.0 10.0.0.2 - ip route 10.0.0.0 255.255.255.0 ppp0 - ip route 10.0.0.0 255.255.255.0 null0 - - These statements are equivalent to those in the previous example. - - -- Command: ip route NETWORK GATEWAY DISTANCE - Installs the route with the specified distance. - - Multiple nexthop static route - - ip route 10.0.0.1/32 10.0.0.2 - ip route 10.0.0.1/32 10.0.0.3 - ip route 10.0.0.1/32 eth0 - - If there is no route to 10.0.0.2 and 10.0.0.3, and interface eth0 is -reachable, then the last route is installed into the kernel. - - If zebra has been compiled with multipath support, and both 10.0.0.2 -and 10.0.0.3 are reachable, zebra will install a multipath route via -both nexthops, if the platform supports this. - - zebra> show ip route - S> 10.0.0.1/32 [1/0] via 10.0.0.2 inactive - via 10.0.0.3 inactive - * is directly connected, eth0 - - ip route 10.0.0.0/8 10.0.0.2 - ip route 10.0.0.0/8 10.0.0.3 - ip route 10.0.0.0/8 null0 255 - - This will install a multihop route via the specified next-hops if -they are reachable, as well as a high-metric blackhole route, which can -be useful to prevent traffic destined for a prefix to match -less-specific routes (eg default) should the specified gateways not be -reachable. Eg: - - zebra> show ip route 10.0.0.0/8 - Routing entry for 10.0.0.0/8 - Known via "static", distance 1, metric 0 - 10.0.0.2 inactive - 10.0.0.3 inactive - - Routing entry for 10.0.0.0/8 - Known via "static", distance 255, metric 0 - directly connected, Null0 - - -- Command: ipv6 route NETWORK GATEWAY - -- Command: ipv6 route NETWORK GATEWAY DISTANCE - These behave similarly to their ipv4 counterparts. - - -- Command: table TABLENO - Select the primary kernel routing table to be used. This only - works for kernels supporting multiple routing tables (like - GNU/Linux 2.2.x and later). After setting TABLENO with this - command, static routes defined after this are added to the - specified table. - - -File: quagga.info, Node: zebra Terminal Mode Commands, Prev: Static Route Commands, Up: Zebra - -4.4 zebra Terminal Mode Commands -================================ - - -- Command: show ip route - Display current routes which zebra holds in its database. - - Router# show ip route - Codes: K - kernel route, C - connected, S - static, R - RIP, - B - BGP * - FIB route. - - K* 0.0.0.0/0 203.181.89.241 - S 0.0.0.0/0 203.181.89.1 - C* 127.0.0.0/8 lo - C* 203.181.89.240/28 eth0 - - -- Command: show ipv6 route - - -- Command: show interface - - -- Command: show ipforward - Display whether the host's IP forwarding function is enabled or - not. Almost any UNIX kernel can be configured with IP forwarding - disabled. If so, the box can't work as a router. - - -- Command: show ipv6forward - Display whether the host's IP v6 forwarding is enabled or not. - - -File: quagga.info, Node: RIP, Next: RIPng, Prev: Zebra, Up: Top - -5 RIP -***** - -RIP - Routing Information Protocol is widely deployed interior gateway -protocol. RIP was developed in the 1970s at Xerox Labs as part of the -XNS routing protocol. RIP is a "distance-vector" protocol and is based -on the "Bellman-Ford" algorithms. As a distance-vector protocol, RIP -router send updates to its neighbors periodically, thus allowing the -convergence to a known topology. In each update, the distance to any -given network will be broadcasted to its neighboring router. - - `ripd' supports RIP version 2 as described in RFC2453 and RIP -version 1 as described in RFC1058. - -* Menu: - -* Starting and Stopping ripd:: -* RIP Configuration:: -* RIP Version Control:: -* How to Announce RIP route:: -* Filtering RIP Routes:: -* RIP Metric Manipulation:: -* RIP distance:: -* RIP route-map:: -* RIP Authentication:: -* RIP Timers:: -* Show RIP Information:: -* RIP Debug Commands:: - - -File: quagga.info, Node: Starting and Stopping ripd, Next: RIP Configuration, Up: RIP - -5.1 Starting and Stopping ripd -============================== - -The default configuration file name of `ripd''s is `ripd.conf'. When -invocation `ripd' searches directory /etc/quagga. If `ripd.conf' is -not there next search current directory. - - RIP uses UDP port 520 to send and receive RIP packets. So the user -must have the capability to bind the port, generally this means that -the user must have superuser privileges. RIP protocol requires -interface information maintained by `zebra' daemon. So running `zebra' -is mandatory to run `ripd'. Thus minimum sequence for running RIP is -like below: - - # zebra -d - # ripd -d - - Please note that `zebra' must be invoked before `ripd'. - - To stop `ripd'. Please use `kill `cat /var/run/ripd.pid`'. Certain -signals have special meaningss to `ripd'. - -`SIGHUP' - Reload configuration file `ripd.conf'. All configurations are - reseted. All routes learned so far are cleared and removed from - routing table. - -`SIGUSR1' - Rotate `ripd' logfile. - -`SIGINT' -`SIGTERM' - `ripd' sweeps all installed RIP routes then terminates properly. - - `ripd' invocation options. Common options that can be specified -(*note Common Invocation Options::). - -`-r' -`--retain' - When the program terminates, retain routes added by `ripd'. - -* Menu: - -* RIP netmask:: - - -File: quagga.info, Node: RIP netmask, Up: Starting and Stopping ripd - -5.1.1 RIP netmask ------------------ - -The netmask features of `ripd' support both version 1 and version 2 of -RIP. Version 1 of RIP originally contained no netmask information. In -RIP version 1, network classes were originally used to determine the -size of the netmask. Class A networks use 8 bits of mask, Class B -networks use 16 bits of masks, while Class C networks use 24 bits of -mask. Today, the most widely used method of a network mask is assigned -to the packet on the basis of the interface that received the packet. -Version 2 of RIP supports a variable length subnet mask (VLSM). By -extending the subnet mask, the mask can be divided and reused. Each -subnet can be used for different purposes such as large to middle size -LANs and WAN links. Quagga `ripd' does not support the non-sequential -netmasks that are included in RIP Version 2. - - In a case of similar information with the same prefix and metric, the -old information will be suppressed. Ripd does not currently support -equal cost multipath routing. - - -File: quagga.info, Node: RIP Configuration, Next: RIP Version Control, Prev: Starting and Stopping ripd, Up: RIP - -5.2 RIP Configuration -===================== - - -- Command: router rip - The `router rip' command is necessary to enable RIP. To disable - RIP, use the `no router rip' command. RIP must be enabled before - carrying out any of the RIP commands. - - -- Command: no router rip - Disable RIP. - - -- RIP Command: network NETWORK - -- RIP Command: no network NETWORK - Set the RIP enable interface by NETWORK. The interfaces which - have addresses matching with NETWORK are enabled. - - This group of commands either enables or disables RIP interfaces - between certain numbers of a specified network address. For - example, if the network for 10.0.0.0/24 is RIP enabled, this would - result in all the addresses from 10.0.0.0 to 10.0.0.255 being - enabled for RIP. The `no network' command will disable RIP for - the specified network. - - -- RIP Command: network IFNAME - -- RIP Command: no network IFNAME - Set a RIP enabled interface by IFNAME. Both the sending and - receiving of RIP packets will be enabled on the port specified in - the `network ifname' command. The `no network ifname' command - will disable RIP on the specified interface. - - -- RIP Command: neighbor A.B.C.D - -- RIP Command: no neighbor A.B.C.D - Specify RIP neighbor. When a neighbor doesn't understand - multicast, this command is used to specify neighbors. In some - cases, not all routers will be able to understand multicasting, - where packets are sent to a network or a group of addresses. In a - situation where a neighbor cannot process multicast packets, it is - necessary to establish a direct link between routers. The - neighbor command allows the network administrator to specify a - router as a RIP neighbor. The `no neighbor a.b.c.d' command will - disable the RIP neighbor. - - Below is very simple RIP configuration. Interface `eth0' and -interface which address match to `10.0.0.0/8' are RIP enabled. - - ! - router rip - network 10.0.0.0/8 - network eth0 - ! - - Passive interface - - -- RIP command: passive-interface (IFNAME|default) - -- RIP command: no passive-interface IFNAME - This command sets the specified interface to passive mode. On - passive mode interface, all receiving packets are processed as - normal and ripd does not send either multicast or unicast RIP - packets except to RIP neighbors specified with `neighbor' command. - The interface may be specified as DEFAULT to make ripd default to - passive on all interfaces. - - The default is to be passive on all interfaces. - - RIP split-horizon - - -- Interface command: ip split-horizon - -- Interface command: no ip split-horizon - Control split-horizon on the interface. Default is `ip - split-horizon'. If you don't perform split-horizon on the - interface, please specify `no ip split-horizon'. - - -File: quagga.info, Node: RIP Version Control, Next: How to Announce RIP route, Prev: RIP Configuration, Up: RIP - -5.3 RIP Version Control -======================= - -RIP can be configured to send either Version 1 or Version 2 packets. -The default is to send RIPv2 while accepting both RIPv1 and RIPv2 (and -replying with packets of the appropriate version for REQUESTS / -triggered updates). The version to receive and send can be specified -globally, and further overriden on a per-interface basis if needs be -for send and receive seperately (see below). - - It is important to note that RIPv1 can not be authenticated. Further, -if RIPv1 is enabled then RIP will reply to REQUEST packets, sending the -state of its RIP routing table to any remote routers that ask on -demand. For a more detailed discussion on the security implications of -RIPv1 see *Note RIP Authentication::. - - -- RIP Command: version VERSION - Set RIP version to accept for reads and send. VERSION can be - either `1" or `2". - - Disabling RIPv1 by specifying version 2 is STRONGLY encouraged, - *Note RIP Authentication::. This may become the default in a future - release. - - Default: Send Version 2, and accept either version. - - -- RIP Command: no version - Reset the global version setting back to the default. - - -- Interface command: ip rip send version VERSION - VERSION can be `1', `2' or `1 2'. - - This interface command overrides the global rip version setting, - and selects which version of RIP to send packets with, for this - interface specifically. Choice of RIP Version 1, RIP Version 2, or - both versions. In the latter case, where `1 2' is specified, - packets will be both broadcast and multicast. - - Default: Send packets according to the global version (version 2) - - -- Interface command: ip rip receive version VERSION - VERSION can be `1', `2' or `1 2'. - - This interface command overrides the global rip version setting, - and selects which versions of RIP packets will be accepted on this - interface. Choice of RIP Version 1, RIP Version 2, or both. - - Default: Accept packets according to the global setting (both 1 - and 2). - - -File: quagga.info, Node: How to Announce RIP route, Next: Filtering RIP Routes, Prev: RIP Version Control, Up: RIP - -5.4 How to Announce RIP route -============================= - - -- RIP command: redistribute kernel - -- RIP command: redistribute kernel metric <0-16> - -- RIP command: redistribute kernel route-map ROUTE-MAP - -- RIP command: no redistribute kernel - `redistribute kernel' redistributes routing information from - kernel route entries into the RIP tables. `no redistribute kernel' - disables the routes. - - -- RIP command: redistribute static - -- RIP command: redistribute static metric <0-16> - -- RIP command: redistribute static route-map ROUTE-MAP - -- RIP command: no redistribute static - `redistribute static' redistributes routing information from - static route entries into the RIP tables. `no redistribute static' - disables the routes. - - -- RIP command: redistribute connected - -- RIP command: redistribute connected metric <0-16> - -- RIP command: redistribute connected route-map ROUTE-MAP - -- RIP command: no redistribute connected - Redistribute connected routes into the RIP tables. `no - redistribute connected' disables the connected routes in the RIP - tables. This command redistribute connected of the interface - which RIP disabled. The connected route on RIP enabled interface - is announced by default. - - -- RIP command: redistribute ospf - -- RIP command: redistribute ospf metric <0-16> - -- RIP command: redistribute ospf route-map ROUTE-MAP - -- RIP command: no redistribute ospf - `redistribute ospf' redistributes routing information from ospf - route entries into the RIP tables. `no redistribute ospf' disables - the routes. - - -- RIP command: redistribute bgp - -- RIP command: redistribute bgp metric <0-16> - -- RIP command: redistribute bgp route-map ROUTE-MAP - -- RIP command: no redistribute bgp - `redistribute bgp' redistributes routing information from bgp - route entries into the RIP tables. `no redistribute bgp' disables - the routes. - - If you want to specify RIP only static routes: - - -- RIP command: default-information originate - - -- RIP command: route A.B.C.D/M - -- RIP command: no route A.B.C.D/M - This command is specific to Quagga. The `route' command makes a - static route only inside RIP. This command should be used only by - advanced users who are particularly knowledgeable about the RIP - protocol. In most cases, we recommend creating a static route in - Quagga and redistributing it in RIP using `redistribute static'. - - -File: quagga.info, Node: Filtering RIP Routes, Next: RIP Metric Manipulation, Prev: How to Announce RIP route, Up: RIP - -5.5 Filtering RIP Routes -======================== - -RIP routes can be filtered by a distribute-list. - - -- Command: distribute-list ACCESS_LIST DIRECT IFNAME - You can apply access lists to the interface with a - `distribute-list' command. ACCESS_LIST is the access list name. - DIRECT is `in' or `out'. If DIRECT is `in' the access list is - applied to input packets. - - The `distribute-list' command can be used to filter the RIP path. - `distribute-list' can apply access-lists to a chosen interface. - First, one should specify the access-list. Next, the name of the - access-list is used in the distribute-list command. For example, - in the following configuration `eth0' will permit only the paths - that match the route 10.0.0.0/8 - - ! - router rip - distribute-list private in eth0 - ! - access-list private permit 10 10.0.0.0/8 - access-list private deny any - ! - - `distribute-list' can be applied to both incoming and outgoing data. - - -- Command: distribute-list prefix PREFIX_LIST (in|out) IFNAME - You can apply prefix lists to the interface with a - `distribute-list' command. PREFIX_LIST is the prefix list name. - Next is the direction of `in' or `out'. If DIRECT is `in' the - access list is applied to input packets. - - -File: quagga.info, Node: RIP Metric Manipulation, Next: RIP distance, Prev: Filtering RIP Routes, Up: RIP - -5.6 RIP Metric Manipulation -=========================== - -RIP metric is a value for distance for the network. Usually `ripd' -increment the metric when the network information is received. -Redistributed routes' metric is set to 1. - - -- RIP command: default-metric <1-16> - -- RIP command: no default-metric <1-16> - This command modifies the default metric value for redistributed - routes. The default value is 1. This command does not affect - connected route even if it is redistributed by `redistribute - connected'. To modify connected route's metric value, please use - `redistribute connected metric' or `route-map'. `offset-list' also - affects connected routes. - - -- RIP command: offset-list ACCESS-LIST (in|out) - -- RIP command: offset-list ACCESS-LIST (in|out) IFNAME - - -File: quagga.info, Node: RIP distance, Next: RIP route-map, Prev: RIP Metric Manipulation, Up: RIP - -5.7 RIP distance -================ - -Distance value is used in zebra daemon. Default RIP distance is 120. - - -- RIP command: distance <1-255> - -- RIP command: no distance <1-255> - Set default RIP distance to specified value. - - -- RIP command: distance <1-255> A.B.C.D/M - -- RIP command: no distance <1-255> A.B.C.D/M - Set default RIP distance to specified value when the route's - source IP address matches the specified prefix. - - -- RIP command: distance <1-255> A.B.C.D/M ACCESS-LIST - -- RIP command: no distance <1-255> A.B.C.D/M ACCESS-LIST - Set default RIP distance to specified value when the route's - source IP address matches the specified prefix and the specified - access-list. - - -File: quagga.info, Node: RIP route-map, Next: RIP Authentication, Prev: RIP distance, Up: RIP - -5.8 RIP route-map -================= - -Usage of `ripd''s route-map support. - - Optional argument route-map MAP_NAME can be added to each -`redistribute' statement. - - redistribute static [route-map MAP_NAME] - redistribute connected [route-map MAP_NAME] - ..... - - Cisco applies route-map _before_ routes will exported to rip route -table. In current Quagga's test implementation, `ripd' applies -route-map after routes are listed in the route table and before routes -will be announced to an interface (something like output filter). I -think it is not so clear, but it is draft and it may be changed at -future. - - Route-map statement (*note Route Map::) is needed to use route-map -functionality. - - -- Route Map: match interface WORD - This command match to incoming interface. Notation of this match - is different from Cisco. Cisco uses a list of interfaces - NAME1 - NAME2 ... NAMEN. Ripd allows only one name (maybe will change in - the future). Next - Cisco means interface which includes next-hop - of routes (it is somewhat similar to "ip next-hop" statement). - Ripd means interface where this route will be sent. This - difference is because "next-hop" of same routes which sends to - different interfaces must be different. Maybe it'd be better to - made new matches - say "match interface-out NAME" or something - like that. - - -- Route Map: match ip address WORD - -- Route Map: match ip address prefix-list WORD - Match if route destination is permitted by access-list. - - -- Route Map: match ip next-hop A.B.C.D - Cisco uses here <access-list>, `ripd' IPv4 address. Match if route - has this next-hop (meaning next-hop listed in the rip route table - - "show ip rip") - - -- Route Map: match metric <0-4294967295> - This command match to the metric value of RIP updates. For other - protocol compatibility metric range is shown as <0-4294967295>. - But for RIP protocol only the value range <0-16> make sense. - - -- Route Map: set ip next-hop A.B.C.D - This command set next hop value in RIPv2 protocol. This command - does not affect RIPv1 because there is no next hop field in the - packet. - - -- Route Map: set metric <0-4294967295> - Set a metric for matched route when sending announcement. The - metric value range is very large for compatibility with other - protocols. For RIP, valid metric values are from 1 to 16. - - -File: quagga.info, Node: RIP Authentication, Next: RIP Timers, Prev: RIP route-map, Up: RIP - -5.9 RIP Authentication -====================== - -RIPv2 allows packets to be authenticated via either an insecure plain -text password, included with the packet, or via a more secure MD5 based -HMAC (keyed-Hashing for Message AuthentiCation), RIPv1 can not be -authenticated at all, thus when authentication is configured `ripd' -will discard routing updates received via RIPv1 packets. - - However, unless RIPv1 reception is disabled entirely, *Note RIP -Version Control::, RIPv1 REQUEST packets which are received, which -query the router for routing information, will still be honoured by -`ripd', and `ripd' WILL reply to such packets. This allows `ripd' to -honour such REQUESTs (which sometimes is used by old equipment and very -simple devices to bootstrap their default route), while still providing -security for route updates which are received. - - In short: Enabling authentication prevents routes being updated by -unauthenticated remote routers, but still can allow routes (I.e. the -entire RIP routing table) to be queried remotely, potentially by anyone -on the internet, via RIPv1. - - To prevent such unauthenticated querying of routes disable RIPv1, -*Note RIP Version Control::. - - -- Interface command: ip rip authentication mode md5 - -- Interface command: no ip rip authentication mode md5 - Set the interface with RIPv2 MD5 authentication. - - -- Interface command: ip rip authentication mode text - -- Interface command: no ip rip authentication mode text - Set the interface with RIPv2 simple password authentication. - - -- Interface command: ip rip authentication string STRING - -- Interface command: no ip rip authentication string STRING - RIP version 2 has simple text authentication. This command sets - authentication string. The string must be shorter than 16 - characters. - - -- Interface command: ip rip authentication key-chain KEY-CHAIN - -- Interface command: no ip rip authentication key-chain KEY-CHAIN - Specifiy Keyed MD5 chain. - - ! - key chain test - key 1 - key-string test - ! - interface eth1 - ip rip authentication mode md5 - ip rip authentication key-chain test - ! - - -File: quagga.info, Node: RIP Timers, Next: Show RIP Information, Prev: RIP Authentication, Up: RIP - -5.10 RIP Timers -=============== - - -- RIP command: timers basic UPDATE TIMEOUT GARBAGE - RIP protocol has several timers. User can configure those timers' - values by `timers basic' command. - - The default settings for the timers are as follows: - - * The update timer is 30 seconds. Every update timer seconds, - the RIP process is awakened to send an unsolicited Response - message containing the complete routing table to all - neighboring RIP routers. - - * The timeout timer is 180 seconds. Upon expiration of the - timeout, the route is no longer valid; however, it is - retained in the routing table for a short time so that - neighbors can be notified that the route has been dropped. - - * The garbage collect timer is 120 seconds. Upon expiration of - the garbage-collection timer, the route is finally removed - from the routing table. - - - The `timers basic' command allows the the default values of the - timers listed above to be changed. - - -- RIP command: no timers basic - The `no timers basic' command will reset the timers to the default - settings listed above. - - -File: quagga.info, Node: Show RIP Information, Next: RIP Debug Commands, Prev: RIP Timers, Up: RIP - -5.11 Show RIP Information -========================= - -To display RIP routes. - - -- Command: show ip rip - Show RIP routes. - - The command displays all RIP routes. For routes that are received -through RIP, this command will display the time the packet was sent and -the tag information. This command will also display this information -for routes redistributed into RIP. - - -- Command: show ip protocols - The command displays current RIP status. It includes RIP timer, - filtering, version, RIP enabled interface and RIP peer inforation. - - ripd> show ip protocols - Routing Protocol is "rip" - Sending updates every 30 seconds with +/-50%, next due in 35 seconds - Timeout after 180 seconds, garbage collect after 120 seconds - Outgoing update filter list for all interface is not set - Incoming update filter list for all interface is not set - Default redistribution metric is 1 - Redistributing: kernel connected - Default version control: send version 2, receive version 2 - Interface Send Recv - Routing for Networks: - eth0 - eth1 - 1.1.1.1 - 203.181.89.241 - Routing Information Sources: - Gateway BadPackets BadRoutes Distance Last Update - - -File: quagga.info, Node: RIP Debug Commands, Prev: Show RIP Information, Up: RIP - -5.12 RIP Debug Commands -======================= - -Debug for RIP protocol. - - -- Command: debug rip events - Debug rip events. - - `debug rip' will show RIP events. Sending and receiving packets, -timers, and changes in interfaces are events shown with `ripd'. - - -- Command: debug rip packet - Debug rip packet. - - `debug rip packet' will display detailed information about the RIP -packets. The origin and port number of the packet as well as a packet -dump is shown. - - -- Command: debug rip zebra - Debug rip between zebra communication. - - This command will show the communication between `ripd' and `zebra'. -The main information will include addition and deletion of paths to -the kernel and the sending and receiving of interface information. - - -- Command: show debugging rip - Display `ripd''s debugging option. - - `show debugging rip' will show all information currently set for ripd -debug. - - -File: quagga.info, Node: RIPng, Next: OSPFv2, Prev: RIP, Up: Top - -6 RIPng -******* - -`ripngd' supports the RIPng protocol as described in RFC2080. It's an -IPv6 reincarnation of the RIP protocol. - -* Menu: - -* Invoking ripngd:: -* ripngd Configuration:: -* ripngd Terminal Mode Commands:: -* ripngd Filtering Commands:: - - -File: quagga.info, Node: Invoking ripngd, Next: ripngd Configuration, Up: RIPng - -6.1 Invoking ripngd -=================== - -There are no `ripngd' specific invocation options. Common options can -be specified (*note Common Invocation Options::). - - -File: quagga.info, Node: ripngd Configuration, Next: ripngd Terminal Mode Commands, Prev: Invoking ripngd, Up: RIPng - -6.2 ripngd Configuration -======================== - -Currently ripngd supports the following commands: - - -- Command: router ripng - Enable RIPng. - - -- RIPng Command: flush_timer TIME - Set flush timer. - - -- RIPng Command: network NETWORK - Set RIPng enabled interface by NETWORK - - -- RIPng Command: network IFNAME - Set RIPng enabled interface by IFNAME - - -- RIPng Command: route NETWORK - Set RIPng static routing announcement of NETWORK. - - -- Command: router zebra - This command is the default and does not appear in the - configuration. With this statement, RIPng routes go to the - `zebra' daemon. - - -File: quagga.info, Node: ripngd Terminal Mode Commands, Next: ripngd Filtering Commands, Prev: ripngd Configuration, Up: RIPng - -6.3 ripngd Terminal Mode Commands -================================= - - -- Command: show ip ripng - - -- Command: show debugging ripng - - -- Command: debug ripng events - - -- Command: debug ripng packet - - -- Command: debug ripng zebra - - -File: quagga.info, Node: ripngd Filtering Commands, Prev: ripngd Terminal Mode Commands, Up: RIPng - -6.4 ripngd Filtering Commands -============================= - - -- Command: distribute-list ACCESS_LIST (in|out) IFNAME - You can apply an access-list to the interface using the - `distribute-list' command. ACCESS_LIST is an access-list name. - DIRECT is `in' or `out'. If DIRECT is `in', the access-list is - applied only to incoming packets. - - distribute-list local-only out sit1 - - -File: quagga.info, Node: OSPFv2, Next: OSPFv3, Prev: RIPng, Up: Top - -7 OSPFv2 -******** - -OSPF (Open Shortest Path First) version 2 is a routing protocol which -is described in `RFC2328, OSPF Version 2'. OSPF is an IGP (Interior -Gateway Protocol).. Compared with RIP, OSPF can provide scalable -network support and faster convergence times. OSPF is widely used in -large networks such as ISP (Internet Service Provider) backbone and -enterprise networks. - -* Menu: - -* Configuring ospfd:: -* OSPF router:: -* OSPF area:: -* OSPF interface:: -* Redistribute routes to OSPF:: -* Showing OSPF information:: -* Debugging OSPF:: -* OSPF Configuration Examples:: - - -File: quagga.info, Node: Configuring ospfd, Next: OSPF router, Up: OSPFv2 - -7.1 Configuring ospfd -===================== - -There are no `ospfd' specific options. Common options can be specified -(*note Common Invocation Options::) to `ospfd'. `ospfd' needs to -acquire interface information from `zebra' in order to function. -Therefore `zebra' must be running before invoking `ospfd'. Also, if -`zebra' is restarted then `ospfd' must be too. - - Like other daemons, `ospfd' configuration is done in OSPF specific -configuration file `ospfd.conf'. - - -File: quagga.info, Node: OSPF router, Next: OSPF area, Prev: Configuring ospfd, Up: OSPFv2 - -7.2 OSPF router -=============== - -To start OSPF process you have to specify the OSPF router. As of this -writing, `ospfd' does not support multiple OSPF processes. - - -- Command: router ospf - -- Command: no router ospf - Enable or disable the OSPF process. `ospfd' does not yet support - multiple OSPF processes. So you can not specify an OSPF process - number. - - -- OSPF Command: ospf router-id A.B.C.D - -- OSPF Command: no ospf router-id - This sets the router-ID of the OSPF process. The router-ID may be - an IP address of the router, but need not be - it can be any - arbitrary 32bit number. However it MUST be unique within the - entire OSPF domain to the OSPF speaker - bad things will happen if - multiple OSPF speakers are configured with the same router-ID! If - one is not specified then `ospfd' will obtain a router-ID - automatically from `zebra'. - - -- OSPF Command: ospf abr-type TYPE - -- OSPF Command: no ospf abr-type TYPE - TYPE can be cisco|ibm|shortcut|standard. - - More information regarding the behaviour controlled by this - command can be found in `RFC 3509, Alternative Implementations of - OSPF Area Border Routers', and - `draft-ietf-ospf-shortcut-abr-02.txt'. - - Quote: "Though the definition of the ABR (Area Border Router) in - the OSPF specification does not require a router with multiple - attached areas to have a backbone connection, it is actually - necessary to provide successful routing to the inter-area and - external destinations. If this requirement is not met, all traffic - destined for the areas not connected to such an ABR or out of the - OSPF domain, is dropped. This document describes alternative ABR - behaviors implemented in Cisco and IBM routers." - - The default ABR type is 'Cisco', allowing an ABR to consider - summaries from non-backbone areas if, and only if, it has lost its - link(s) to the backbone area. - - -- OSPF Command: ospf rfc1583compatibility - -- OSPF Command: no ospf rfc1583compatibility - This `RFC2328', the sucessor to `RFC1583', suggests according to - section G.2 (changes) in section 16.4 a change to the path - preference algorithm that prevents possible routing loops that were - possible in the old version of OSPFv2. More specifically it demands - that inter-area paths and intra-area path are now of equal - preference but still both preferred to external paths. - - This command should NOT be set normally. - - -- OSPF Command: passive interface INTERFACE - -- OSPF Command: no passive interface INTERFACE - Do not speak OSPF interface on the given interface, but do - advertise the interface as a stub link in the router-LSA (Link - State Advertisement) for this router. This allows one to advertise - addresses on such connected interfaces without having to originate - AS-External/Type-5 LSAs (which have global flooding scope) - as - would occur if connected addresses were redistributed into OSPF, - *Note Redistribute routes to OSPF::. - - - -- OSPF Command: timers throttle spf DELAY INITIAL-HOLDTIME -MAX-HOLDTIME - -- OSPF Command: no timers throttle spf - This command sets the initial DELAY, the INITIAL-HOLDTIME and the - MAXIMUM-HOLDTIME between when SPF is calculated and the event - which triggered the calculation. The times are specified in - milliseconds and must be in the range of 0 to 600000 milliseconds. - - The DELAY specifies the minimum amount of time to delay SPF - calculation (hence it affects how long SPF calculation is delayed - after an event which occurs outside of the holdtime of any - previous SPF calculation, and also serves as a minimum holdtime). - - Consecutive SPF calculations will always be seperated by at least - 'hold-time' milliseconds. The hold-time is adaptive and initially - is set to the INITIAL-HOLDTIME configured with the above command. - Events which occur within the holdtime of the previous SPF - calculation will cause the holdtime to be increased by - INITIAL-HOLDTIME, bounded by the MAXIMUM-HOLDTIME configured with - this command. If the adaptive hold-time elapses without any - SPF-triggering event occuring then the current holdtime is reset - to the INITIAL-HOLDTIME. The current holdtime can be viewed with - *Note show ip ospf::, where it is expressed as a multiplier of the - INITIAL-HOLDTIME. - - router ospf - timers throttle spf 200 400 10000 - - In this example, the DELAY is set to 200ms, the INITIAL HOLDTIME - is set to 400ms and the MAXIMUM HOLDTIME to 10s. Hence there will - always be at least 200ms between an event which requires SPF - calculation and the actual SPF calculation. Further consecutive SPF - calculations will always be seperated by between 400ms to 10s, the - hold-time increasing by 400ms each time an SPF-triggering event - occurs within the hold-time of the previous SPF calculation. - - This command supercedes the `timers spf' command in previous Quagga - releases. - - -- OSPF Command: max-metric router-lsa [on-startup|on-shutdown] -<5-86400> - -- OSPF Command: max-metric router-lsa administrative - -- OSPF Command: no max-metric router-lsa -[on-startup|on-shutdown|administrative] - This enables `RFC3137, OSPF Stub Router Advertisement' support, - where the OSPF process describes its transit links in its - router-LSA as having infinite distance so that other routers will - avoid calculating transit paths through the router while still - being able to reach networks through the router. - - This support may be enabled administratively (and indefinitely) or - conditionally. Conditional enabling of max-metric router-lsas can - be for a period of seconds after startup and/or for a period of - seconds prior to shutdown. - - Enabling this for a period after startup allows OSPF to converge - fully first without affecting any existing routes used by other - routers, while still allowing any connected stub links and/or - redistributed routes to be reachable. Enabling this for a period - of time in advance of shutdown allows the router to gracefully - excuse itself from the OSPF domain. - - Enabling this feature administratively allows for administrative - intervention for whatever reason, for an indefinite period of time. - Note that if the configuration is written to file, this - administrative form of the stub-router command will also be - written to file. If `ospfd' is restarted later, the command will - then take effect until manually deconfigured. - - Configured state of this feature as well as current status, such - as the number of second remaining till on-startup or on-shutdown - ends, can be viewed with the *Note show ip ospf:: command. - - -- OSPF Command: auto-cost reference-bandwidth <1-4294967> - -- OSPF Command: no auto-cost reference-bandwidth - This sets the reference bandwidth for cost calculations, where this - bandwidth is considered equivalent to an OSPF cost of 1, specified - in Mbits/s. The default is 100Mbit/s (i.e. a link of bandwidth - 100Mbit/s or higher will have a cost of 1. Cost of lower bandwidth - links will be scaled with reference to this cost). - - This configuration setting MUST be consistent across all routers - within the OSPF domain. - - -- OSPF Command: network A.B.C.D/M area A.B.C.D - -- OSPF Command: network A.B.C.D/M area <0-4294967295> - -- OSPF Command: no network A.B.C.D/M area A.B.C.D - -- OSPF Command: no network A.B.C.D/M area <0-4294967295> - This command specifies the OSPF enabled interface(s). If the - interface has an address from range 192.168.1.0/24 then the - command below enables ospf on this interface so router can provide - network information to the other ospf routers via this interface. - - router ospf - network 192.168.1.0/24 area 0.0.0.0 - - Prefix length in interface must be equal or bigger (ie. smaller - network) than prefix length in network statement. For example - statement above doesn't enable ospf on interface with address - 192.168.1.1/23, but it does on interface with address - 192.168.1.129/25. - - -File: quagga.info, Node: OSPF area, Next: OSPF interface, Prev: OSPF router, Up: OSPFv2 - -7.3 OSPF area -============= - - -- OSPF Command: area A.B.C.D range A.B.C.D/M - -- OSPF Command: area <0-4294967295> range A.B.C.D/M - -- OSPF Command: no area A.B.C.D range A.B.C.D/M - -- OSPF Command: no area <0-4294967295> range A.B.C.D/M - Summarize intra area paths from specified area into one Type-3 - summary-LSA announced to other areas. This command can be used - only in ABR and ONLY router-LSAs (Type-1) and network-LSAs - (Type-2) (ie. LSAs with scope area) can be summarized. Type-5 - AS-external-LSAs can't be summarized - their scope is AS. - Summarizing Type-7 AS-external-LSAs isn't supported yet by Quagga. - - router ospf - network 192.168.1.0/24 area 0.0.0.0 - network 10.0.0.0/8 area 0.0.0.10 - area 0.0.0.10 range 10.0.0.0/8 - - With configuration above one Type-3 Summary-LSA with routing info - 10.0.0.0/8 is announced into backbone area if area 0.0.0.10 - contains at least one intra-area network (ie. described with - router or network LSA) from this range. - - -- OSPF Command: area A.B.C.D range IPV4_PREFIX not-advertise - -- OSPF Command: no area A.B.C.D range IPV4_PREFIX not-advertise - Instead of summarizing intra area paths filter them - ie. intra - area paths from this range are not advertised into other areas. - This command makes sense in ABR only. - - -- OSPF Command: area A.B.C.D range IPV4_PREFIX substitute IPV4_PREFIX - -- OSPF Command: no area A.B.C.D range IPV4_PREFIX substitute -IPV4_PREFIX - Substitute summarized prefix with another prefix. - - router ospf - network 192.168.1.0/24 area 0.0.0.0 - network 10.0.0.0/8 area 0.0.0.10 - area 0.0.0.10 range 10.0.0.0/8 substitute 11.0.0.0/8 - - One Type-3 summary-LSA with routing info 11.0.0.0/8 is announced - into backbone area if area 0.0.0.10 contains at least one - intra-area network (ie. described with router-LSA or network-LSA) - from range 10.0.0.0/8. This command makes sense in ABR only. - - -- OSPF Command: area A.B.C.D virtual-link A.B.C.D - -- OSPF Command: area <0-4294967295> virtual-link A.B.C.D - -- OSPF Command: no area A.B.C.D virtual-link A.B.C.D - -- OSPF Command: no area <0-4294967295> virtual-link A.B.C.D - - -- OSPF Command: area A.B.C.D shortcut - -- OSPF Command: area <0-4294967295> shortcut - -- OSPF Command: no area A.B.C.D shortcut - -- OSPF Command: no area <0-4294967295> shortcut - Configure th area as Shortcut capable. See `RFC3509'. This requires - that the 'abr-type' be set to 'shortcut'. - - -- OSPF Command: area A.B.C.D stub - -- OSPF Command: area <0-4294967295> stub - -- OSPF Command: no area A.B.C.D stub - -- OSPF Command: no area <0-4294967295> stub - Configure the area to be a stub area. That is, an area where no - router originates routes external to OSPF and hence an area where - all external routes are via the ABR(s). Hence, ABRs for such an - area do not need to pass AS-External LSAs (type-5s) or - ASBR-Summary LSAs (type-4) into the area. They need only pass - Network-Summary (type-3) LSAs into such an area, just a default - summary. - - -- OSPF Command: area A.B.C.D stub no-summary - -- OSPF Command: area <0-4294967295> stub no-summary - -- OSPF Command: no area A.B.C.D stub no-summary - -- OSPF Command: no area <0-4294967295> stub no-summary - Prevents an `ospfd' ABR from injecting inter-area summaries into - the specified stub area. - - -- OSPF Command: area A.B.C.D default-cost <0-16777215> - -- OSPF Command: no area A.B.C.D default-cost <0-16777215> - Set the cost of default-summary LSAs announced to stubby areas. - - -- OSPF Command: area A.B.C.D export-list NAME - -- OSPF Command: area <0-4294967295> export-list NAME - -- OSPF Command: no area A.B.C.D export-list NAME - -- OSPF Command: no area <0-4294967295> export-list NAME - Filter Type-3 summary-LSAs announced to other areas originated - from intra- area paths from specified area. - - router ospf - network 192.168.1.0/24 area 0.0.0.0 - network 10.0.0.0/8 area 0.0.0.10 - area 0.0.0.10 export-list foo - ! - access-list foo permit 10.10.0.0/16 - access-list foo deny any - - With example above any intra-area paths from area 0.0.0.10 and - from range 10.10.0.0/16 (for example 10.10.1.0/24 and - 10.10.2.128/30) are announced into other areas as Type-3 - summary-LSA's, but any others (for example 10.11.0.0/16 or - 10.128.30.16/30) aren't. - - This command is only relevant if the router is an ABR for the - specified area. - - -- OSPF Command: area A.B.C.D import-list NAME - -- OSPF Command: area <0-4294967295> import-list NAME - -- OSPF Command: no area A.B.C.D import-list NAME - -- OSPF Command: no area <0-4294967295> import-list NAME - Same as export-list, but it applies to paths announced into - specified area as Type-3 summary-LSAs. - - -- OSPF Command: area A.B.C.D filter-list prefix NAME in - -- OSPF Command: area A.B.C.D filter-list prefix NAME out - -- OSPF Command: area <0-4294967295> filter-list prefix NAME in - -- OSPF Command: area <0-4294967295> filter-list prefix NAME out - -- OSPF Command: no area A.B.C.D filter-list prefix NAME in - -- OSPF Command: no area A.B.C.D filter-list prefix NAME out - -- OSPF Command: no area <0-4294967295> filter-list prefix NAME in - -- OSPF Command: no area <0-4294967295> filter-list prefix NAME out - Filtering Type-3 summary-LSAs to/from area using prefix lists. - This command makes sense in ABR only. - - -- OSPF Command: area A.B.C.D authentication - -- OSPF Command: area <0-4294967295> authentication - -- OSPF Command: no area A.B.C.D authentication - -- OSPF Command: no area <0-4294967295> authentication - Specify that simple password authentication should be used for the - given area. - - -- OSPF Command: area A.B.C.D authentication message-digest - -- OSPF Command: area <0-4294967295> authentication message-digest - Specify that OSPF packets should be authenticated with MD5 HMACs - for the given area. - - -File: quagga.info, Node: OSPF interface, Next: Redistribute routes to OSPF, Prev: OSPF area, Up: OSPFv2 - -7.4 OSPF interface -================== - - -- Interface Command: ip ospf authentication-key AUTH_KEY - -- Interface Command: no ip ospf authentication-key - Set OSPF authentication key to a simple password. After setting - AUTH_KEY, all OSPF packets are authenticated. AUTH_KEY has length - up to 8 chars. - - -- Interface Command: ip ospf message-digest-key KEYID md5 KEY - -- Interface Command: no ip ospf message-digest-key - Set OSPF authentication key to a cryptographic password. The - cryptographic algorithm is MD5. KEYID identifies secret key used - to create the message digest. KEY is the actual message digest - key up to 16 chars. - - Note that OSPF MD5 authentication requires that time never go - backwards (correct time is NOT important, only that it never goes - backwards), even across resets, if ospfd is to be able to promptly - reestabish adjacencies with its neighbours after restarts/reboots. - The host should have system time be set at boot from an external - source (eg battery backed clock, NTP, etc.) or else the system - clock should be periodically saved to non-volative storage and - restored at boot if MD5 authentication is to be expected to work - reliably. - - -- Interface Command: ip ospf cost <1-65535> - -- Interface Command: no ip ospf cost - Set link cost for the specified interface. The cost value is set - to router-LSA's metric field and used for SPF calculation. - - -- Interface Command: ip ospf dead-interval <1-65535> - -- Interface Command: ip ospf dead-interval minimal hello-multiplier -<2-20> - -- Interface Command: no ip ospf dead-interval - Set number of seconds for RouterDeadInterval timer value used for - Wait Timer and Inactivity Timer. This value must be the same for - all routers attached to a common network. The default value is 40 - seconds. - - If 'minimal' is specified instead, then the dead-interval is set - to 1 second and one must specify a hello-multiplier. The - hello-multiplier specifies how many Hellos to send per second, - from 2 (every 500ms) to 20 (every 50ms). Thus one can have 1s - convergence time for OSPF. If this form is specified, then the - hello-interval advertised in Hello packets is set to 0 and the - hello-interval on received Hello packets is not checked, thus the - hello-multiplier need NOT be the same across multiple routers on a - common link. - - -- Interface Command: ip ospf hello-interval <1-65535> - -- Interface Command: no ip ospf hello-interval - Set number of seconds for HelloInterval timer value. Setting this - value, Hello packet will be sent every timer value seconds on the - specified interface. This value must be the same for all routers - attached to a common network. The default value is 10 seconds. - - This command has no effect if *Note ip ospf dead-interval - minimal:: is also specified for the interface. - - -- Interface Command: ip ospf network -(broadcast|non-broadcast|point-to-multipoint|point-to-point) - -- Interface Command: no ip ospf network - Set explicitly network type for specifed interface. - - -- Interface Command: ip ospf priority <0-255> - -- Interface Command: no ip ospf priority - Set RouterPriority integer value. Setting higher value, router - will be more eligible to become Designated Router. Setting the - value to 0, router is no longer eligible to Designated Router. - The default value is 1. - - -- Interface Command: ip ospf retransmit-interval <1-65535> - -- Interface Command: no ip ospf retransmit interval - Set number of seconds for RxmtInterval timer value. This value is - used when retransmitting Database Description and Link State - Request packets. The default value is 5 seconds. - - -- Interface Command: ip ospf transmit-delay - -- Interface Command: no ip ospf transmit-delay - Set number of seconds for InfTransDelay value. LSAs' age should be - incremented by this value when transmitting. The default value is - 1 seconds. - - -File: quagga.info, Node: Redistribute routes to OSPF, Next: Showing OSPF information, Prev: OSPF interface, Up: OSPFv2 - -7.5 Redistribute routes to OSPF -=============================== - - -- OSPF Command: redistribute (kernel|connected|static|rip|bgp) - -- OSPF Command: redistribute (kernel|connected|static|rip|bgp) -ROUTE-MAP - -- OSPF Command: redistribute (kernel|connected|static|rip|bgp) -metric-type (1|2) - -- OSPF Command: redistribute (kernel|connected|static|rip|bgp) -metric-type (1|2) route-map WORD - -- OSPF Command: redistribute (kernel|connected|static|rip|bgp) metric -<0-16777214> - -- OSPF Command: redistribute (kernel|connected|static|rip|bgp) metric -<0-16777214> route-map WORD - -- OSPF Command: redistribute (kernel|connected|static|rip|bgp) -metric-type (1|2) metric <0-16777214> - -- OSPF Command: redistribute (kernel|connected|static|rip|bgp) -metric-type (1|2) metric <0-16777214> route-map WORD - -- OSPF Command: no redistribute (kernel|connected|static|rip|bgp) - Redistribute routes of the specified protocol or kind into OSPF, - with the metric type and metric set if specified, filtering the - routes using the given route-map if specified. - - -- OSPF Command: default-information originate - -- OSPF Command: default-information originate metric <0-16777214> - -- OSPF Command: default-information originate metric <0-16777214> -metric-type (1|2) - -- OSPF Command: default-information originate metric <0-16777214> -metric-type (1|2) route-map WORD - -- OSPF Command: default-information originate always - -- OSPF Command: default-information originate always metric -<0-16777214> - -- OSPF Command: default-information originate always metric -<0-16777214> metric-type (1|2) - -- OSPF Command: default-information originate always metric -<0-16777214> metric-type (1|2) route-map WORD - -- OSPF Command: no default-information originate - Originate an AS-External (type-5) LSA describing a default route - into all external-routing capable areas, of the specified metric - and metric type. If the 'always' keyword is given then the default - is always advertised, even when there is no default present in the - routing table. - - -- OSPF Command: distribute-list NAME out -(kernel|connected|static|rip|ospf - -- OSPF Command: no distribute-list NAME out -(kernel|connected|static|rip|ospf - - -- OSPF Command: default-metric <0-16777214> - -- OSPF Command: no default-metric - - -- OSPF Command: distance <1-255> - -- OSPF Command: no distance <1-255> - - -- OSPF Command: distance ospf (intra-area|inter-area|external) - <1-255> - -- OSPF Command: no distance ospf - - -- Command: router zebra - -- Command: no router zebra - - -File: quagga.info, Node: Showing OSPF information, Next: Debugging OSPF, Prev: Redistribute routes to OSPF, Up: OSPFv2 - -7.6 Showing OSPF information -============================ - - -- Command: show ip ospf - Show information on a variety of general OSPF and area state and - configuration information. - - -- Command: show ip ospf interface [INTERFACE] - Show state and configuration of OSPF the specified interface, or - all interfaces if no interface is given. - - -- Command: show ip ospf neighbor - -- Command: show ip ospf neighbor INTERFACE - -- Command: show ip ospf neighbor detail - -- Command: show ip ospf neighbor INTERFACE detail - - -- Command: show ip ospf database - - -- Command: show ip ospf database -(asbr-summary|external|network|router|summary) - -- Command: show ip ospf database -(asbr-summary|external|network|router|summary) LINK-STATE-ID - -- Command: show ip ospf database -(asbr-summary|external|network|router|summary) LINK-STATE-ID adv-router -ADV-ROUTER - -- Command: show ip ospf database -(asbr-summary|external|network|router|summary) adv-router ADV-ROUTER - -- Command: show ip ospf database -(asbr-summary|external|network|router|summary) LINK-STATE-ID -self-originate - -- Command: show ip ospf database -(asbr-summary|external|network|router|summary) self-originate - - -- Command: show ip ospf database max-age - - -- Command: show ip ospf database self-originate - - -- Command: show ip ospf route - Show the OSPF routing table, as determined by the most recent SPF - calculation. - - -File: quagga.info, Node: Debugging OSPF, Next: OSPF Configuration Examples, Prev: Showing OSPF information, Up: OSPFv2 - -7.7 Debugging OSPF -================== - - -- Command: debug ospf packet -(hello|dd|ls-request|ls-update|ls-ack|all) (send|recv) [detail] - -- Command: no debug ospf packet -(hello|dd|ls-request|ls-update|ls-ack|all) (send|recv) [detail] - - -- Command: debug ospf ism - -- Command: debug ospf ism (status|events|timers) - -- Command: no debug ospf ism - -- Command: no debug ospf ism (status|events|timers) - - -- Command: debug ospf nsm - -- Command: debug ospf nsm (status|events|timers) - -- Command: no debug ospf nsm - -- Command: no debug ospf nsm (status|events|timers) - - -- Command: debug ospf lsa - -- Command: debug ospf lsa (generate|flooding|refresh) - -- Command: no debug ospf lsa - -- Command: no debug ospf lsa (generate|flooding|refresh) - - -- Command: debug ospf zebra - -- Command: debug ospf zebra (interface|redistribute) - -- Command: no debug ospf zebra - -- Command: no debug ospf zebra (interface|redistribute) - - -- Command: show debugging ospf - - -File: quagga.info, Node: OSPF Configuration Examples, Prev: Debugging OSPF, Up: OSPFv2 - -7.8 OSPF Configuration Examples -=============================== - -A simple example, with MD5 authentication enabled: - - ! - interface bge0 - ip ospf authentication message-digest - ip ospf message-digest-key 1 md5 ABCDEFGHIJK - ! - router ospf - network 192.168.0.0/16 area 0.0.0.1 - area 0.0.0.1 authentication message-digest - - An ABR router, with MD5 authentication and performing summarisation -of networks between the areas: - - ! - password ABCDEF - log file /var/log/quagga/ospfd.log - service advanced-vty - ! - interface eth0 - ip ospf authentication message-digest - ip ospf message-digest-key 1 md5 ABCDEFGHIJK - ! - interface ppp0 - ! - interface br0 - ip ospf authentication message-digest - ip ospf message-digest-key 2 md5 XYZ12345 - ! - router ospf - ospf router-id 192.168.0.1 - redistribute connected - passive interface ppp0 - network 192.168.0.0/24 area 0.0.0.0 - network 10.0.0.0/16 area 0.0.0.0 - network 192.168.1.0/24 area 0.0.0.1 - area 0.0.0.0 authentication message-digest - area 0.0.0.0 range 10.0.0.0/16 - area 0.0.0.0 range 192.168.0.0/24 - area 0.0.0.1 authentication message-digest - area 0.0.0.1 range 10.2.0.0/16 - ! - - -File: quagga.info, Node: OSPFv3, Next: BGP, Prev: OSPFv2, Up: Top - -8 OSPFv3 -******** - -`ospf6d' is a daemon support OSPF version 3 for IPv6 network. OSPF for -IPv6 is described in RFC2740. - -* Menu: - -* OSPF6 router:: -* OSPF6 area:: -* OSPF6 interface:: -* Redistribute routes to OSPF6:: -* Showing OSPF6 information:: -* OSPF6 Configuration Examples:: - - -File: quagga.info, Node: OSPF6 router, Next: OSPF6 area, Up: OSPFv3 - -8.1 OSPF6 router -================ - - -- Command: router ospf6 - - -- OSPF6 Command: router-id A.B.C.D - Set router's Router-ID. - - -- OSPF6 Command: interface IFNAME area AREA - Bind interface to specified area, and start sending OSPF packets. - AREA can be specified as 0. - - -File: quagga.info, Node: OSPF6 area, Next: OSPF6 interface, Prev: OSPF6 router, Up: OSPFv3 - -8.2 OSPF6 area -============== - -Area support for OSPFv3 is not yet implemented. - - -File: quagga.info, Node: OSPF6 interface, Next: Redistribute routes to OSPF6, Prev: OSPF6 area, Up: OSPFv3 - -8.3 OSPF6 interface -=================== - - -- Interface Command: ipv6 ospf6 cost COST - Sets interface's output cost. Default value is 1. - - -- Interface Command: ipv6 ospf6 hello-interval HELLOINTERVAL - Sets interface's Hello Interval. Default 40 - - -- Interface Command: ipv6 ospf6 dead-interval DEADINTERVAL - Sets interface's Router Dead Interval. Default value is 40. - - -- Interface Command: ipv6 ospf6 retransmit-interval - RETRANSMITINTERVAL - Sets interface's Rxmt Interval. Default value is 5. - - -- Interface Command: ipv6 ospf6 priority PRIORITY - Sets interface's Router Priority. Default value is 1. - - -- Interface Command: ipv6 ospf6 transmit-delay TRANSMITDELAY - Sets interface's Inf-Trans-Delay. Default value is 1. - - -File: quagga.info, Node: Redistribute routes to OSPF6, Next: Showing OSPF6 information, Prev: OSPF6 interface, Up: OSPFv3 - -8.4 Redistribute routes to OSPF6 -================================ - - -- OSPF6 Command: redistribute static - -- OSPF6 Command: redistribute connected - -- OSPF6 Command: redistribute ripng - - -File: quagga.info, Node: Showing OSPF6 information, Next: OSPF6 Configuration Examples, Prev: Redistribute routes to OSPF6, Up: OSPFv3 - -8.5 Showing OSPF6 information -============================= - - -- Command: show ipv6 ospf6 [INSTANCE_ID] - INSTANCE_ID is an optional OSPF instance ID. To see router ID and - OSPF instance ID, simply type "show ipv6 ospf6 <cr>". - - -- Command: show ipv6 ospf6 database - This command shows LSA database summary. You can specify the type - of LSA. - - -- Command: show ipv6 ospf6 interface - To see OSPF interface configuration like costs. - - -- Command: show ipv6 ospf6 neighbor - Shows state and chosen (Backup) DR of neighbor. - - -- Command: show ipv6 ospf6 request-list A.B.C.D - Shows requestlist of neighbor. - - -- Command: show ipv6 route ospf6 - This command shows internal routing table. - - -File: quagga.info, Node: OSPF6 Configuration Examples, Prev: Showing OSPF6 information, Up: OSPFv3 - -8.6 OSPF6 Configuration Examples -================================ - -Example of ospf6d configured on one interface and area: - - interface eth0 - ipv6 ospf6 instance-id 0 - ! - router ospf6 - router-id 212.17.55.53 - area 0.0.0.0 range 2001:770:105:2::/64 - interface eth0 area 0.0.0.0 - ! - - -File: quagga.info, Node: BGP, Next: Configuring Quagga as a Route Server, Prev: OSPFv3, Up: Top - -9 BGP -***** - -BGP stands for a Border Gateway Protocol. The lastest BGP version is -4. It is referred as BGP-4. BGP-4 is one of the Exterior Gateway -Protocols and de-fact standard of Inter Domain routing protocol. BGP-4 -is described in `RFC1771, A Border Gateway Protocol 4 (BGP-4)'. - - Many extensions have been added to `RFC1771'. `RFC2858, -Multiprotocol Extensions for BGP-4' provides multiprotocol support to -BGP-4. - -* Menu: - -* Starting BGP:: -* BGP router:: -* BGP network:: -* BGP Peer:: -* BGP Peer Group:: -* BGP Address Family:: -* Autonomous System:: -* BGP Communities Attribute:: -* BGP Extended Communities Attribute:: -* Displaying BGP routes:: -* Capability Negotiation:: -* Route Reflector:: -* Route Server:: -* How to set up a 6-Bone connection:: -* Dump BGP packets and table:: -* BGP Configuration Examples:: - - -File: quagga.info, Node: Starting BGP, Next: BGP router, Up: BGP - -9.1 Starting BGP -================ - -Default configuration file of `bgpd' is `bgpd.conf'. `bgpd' searches -the current directory first then /etc/quagga/bgpd.conf. All of bgpd's -command must be configured in `bgpd.conf'. - - `bgpd' specific invocation options are described below. Common -options may also be specified (*note Common Invocation Options::). - -`-p PORT' -`--bgp_port=PORT' - Set the bgp protocol's port number. - -`-r' -`--retain' - When program terminates, retain BGP routes added by zebra. - - -File: quagga.info, Node: BGP router, Next: BGP network, Prev: Starting BGP, Up: BGP - -9.2 BGP router -============== - -First of all you must configure BGP router with `router bgp' command. -To configure BGP router, you need AS number. AS number is an -identification of autonomous system. BGP protocol uses the AS number -for detecting whether the BGP connection is internal one or external -one. - - -- Command: router bgp ASN - Enable a BGP protocol process with the specified ASN. After this - statement you can input any `BGP Commands'. You can not create - different BGP process under different ASN without specifying - `multiple-instance' (*note Multiple instance::). - - -- Command: no router bgp ASN - Destroy a BGP protocol process with the specified ASN. - - -- BGP: bgp router-id A.B.C.D - This command specifies the router-ID. If `bgpd' connects to - `zebra' it gets interface and address information. In that case - default router ID value is selected as the largest IP Address of - the interfaces. When `router zebra' is not enabled `bgpd' can't - get interface information so `router-id' is set to 0.0.0.0. So - please set router-id by hand. - -* Menu: - -* BGP distance:: -* BGP decision process:: - - -File: quagga.info, Node: BGP distance, Next: BGP decision process, Up: BGP router - -9.2.1 BGP distance ------------------- - - -- BGP: distance bgp <1-255> <1-255> <1-255> - This command change distance value of BGP. Each argument is - distance value for external routes, internal routes and local - routes. - - -- BGP: distance <1-255> A.B.C.D/M - -- BGP: distance <1-255> A.B.C.D/M WORD - This command set distance value to - - -File: quagga.info, Node: BGP decision process, Prev: BGP distance, Up: BGP router - -9.2.2 BGP decision process --------------------------- - -1. Weight check - -2. Local preference check. - -3. Local route check. - -4. AS path length check. - -5. Origin check. - -6. MED check. - - -- BGP: bgp bestpath as-path confed - This command specifies that the length of confederation path sets - and sequences should should be taken into account during the BGP - best path decision process. - - -File: quagga.info, Node: BGP network, Next: BGP Peer, Prev: BGP router, Up: BGP - -9.3 BGP network -=============== - -* Menu: - -* BGP route:: -* Route Aggregation:: -* Redistribute to BGP:: - - -File: quagga.info, Node: BGP route, Next: Route Aggregation, Up: BGP network - -9.3.1 BGP route ---------------- - - -- BGP: network A.B.C.D/M - This command adds the announcement network. - router bgp 1 - network 10.0.0.0/8 - This configuration example says that network 10.0.0.0/8 will - be announced to all neighbors. Some vendors' routers don't - advertise routes if they aren't present in their IGP routing - tables; `bgp' doesn't care about IGP routes when announcing its - routes. - - -- BGP: no network A.B.C.D/M - - -File: quagga.info, Node: Route Aggregation, Next: Redistribute to BGP, Prev: BGP route, Up: BGP network - -9.3.2 Route Aggregation ------------------------ - - -- BGP: aggregate-address A.B.C.D/M - This command specifies an aggregate address. - - -- BGP: aggregate-address A.B.C.D/M as-set - This command specifies an aggregate address. Resulting routes - inlucde AS set. - - -- BGP: aggregate-address A.B.C.D/M summary-only - This command specifies an aggregate address. Aggreated routes will - not be announce. - - -- BGP: no aggregate-address A.B.C.D/M - - -File: quagga.info, Node: Redistribute to BGP, Prev: Route Aggregation, Up: BGP network - -9.3.3 Redistribute to BGP -------------------------- - - -- BGP: redistribute kernel - Redistribute kernel route to BGP process. - - -- BGP: redistribute static - Redistribute static route to BGP process. - - -- BGP: redistribute connected - Redistribute connected route to BGP process. - - -- BGP: redistribute rip - Redistribute RIP route to BGP process. - - -- BGP: redistribute ospf - Redistribute OSPF route to BGP process. - - -File: quagga.info, Node: BGP Peer, Next: BGP Peer Group, Prev: BGP network, Up: BGP - -9.4 BGP Peer -============ - -* Menu: - -* Defining Peer:: -* BGP Peer commands:: -* Peer filtering:: - - -File: quagga.info, Node: Defining Peer, Next: BGP Peer commands, Up: BGP Peer - -9.4.1 Defining Peer -------------------- - - -- BGP: neighbor PEER remote-as ASN - Creates a new neighbor whose remote-as is ASN. PEER can be an - IPv4 address or an IPv6 address. - router bgp 1 - neighbor 10.0.0.1 remote-as 2 - In this case my router, in AS-1, is trying to peer with AS-2 - at 10.0.0.1. - - This command must be the first command used when configuring a - neighbor. If the remote-as is not specified, `bgpd' will complain - like this: - can't find neighbor 10.0.0.1 - - -File: quagga.info, Node: BGP Peer commands, Next: Peer filtering, Prev: Defining Peer, Up: BGP Peer - -9.4.2 BGP Peer commands ------------------------ - -In a `router bgp' clause there are neighbor specific configurations -required. - - -- BGP: neighbor PEER shutdown - -- BGP: no neighbor PEER shutdown - Shutdown the peer. We can delete the neighbor's configuration by - `no neighbor PEER remote-as AS-NUMBER' but all configuration of - the neighbor will be deleted. When you want to preserve the - configuration, but want to drop the BGP peer, use this syntax. - - -- BGP: neighbor PEER ebgp-multihop - -- BGP: no neighbor PEER ebgp-multihop - - -- BGP: neighbor PEER description ... - -- BGP: no neighbor PEER description ... - Set description of the peer. - - -- BGP: neighbor PEER version VERSION - Set up the neighbor's BGP version. VERSION can be 4, 4+ or 4-. - BGP version 4 is the default value used for BGP peering. BGP - version 4+ means that the neighbor supports Multiprotocol - Extensions for BGP-4. BGP version 4- is similar but the neighbor - speaks the old Internet-Draft revision 00's Multiprotocol - Extensions for BGP-4. Some routing software is still using this - version. - - -- BGP: neighbor PEER interface IFNAME - -- BGP: no neighbor PEER interface IFNAME - When you connect to a BGP peer over an IPv6 link-local address, - you have to specify the IFNAME of the interface used for the - connection. - - -- BGP: neighbor PEER next-hop-self - -- BGP: no neighbor PEER next-hop-self - This command specifies an announced route's nexthop as being - equivalent to the address of the bgp router. - - -- BGP: neighbor PEER update-source - -- BGP: no neighbor PEER update-source - - -- BGP: neighbor PEER default-originate - -- BGP: no neighbor PEER default-originate - `bgpd''s default is to not announce the default route (0.0.0.0/0) - even it is in routing table. When you want to announce default - routes to the peer, use this command. - - -- BGP: neighbor PEER port PORT - -- BGP: neighbor PEER port PORT - - -- BGP: neighbor PEER send-community - -- BGP: neighbor PEER send-community - - -- BGP: neighbor PEER weight WEIGHT - -- BGP: no neighbor PEER weight WEIGHT - This command specifies a default WEIGHT value for the neighbor's - routes. - - -- BGP: neighbor PEER maximum-prefix NUMBER - -- BGP: no neighbor PEER maximum-prefix NUMBER - - -File: quagga.info, Node: Peer filtering, Prev: BGP Peer commands, Up: BGP Peer - -9.4.3 Peer filtering --------------------- - - -- BGP: neighbor PEER distribute-list NAME [in|out] - This command specifies a distribute-list for the peer. DIRECT is - `in' or `out'. - - -- BGP command: neighbor PEER prefix-list NAME [in|out] - - -- BGP command: neighbor PEER filter-list NAME [in|out] - - -- BGP: neighbor PEER route-map NAME [in|out] - Apply a route-map on the neighbor. DIRECT must be `in' or `out'. - - -File: quagga.info, Node: BGP Peer Group, Next: BGP Address Family, Prev: BGP Peer, Up: BGP - -9.5 BGP Peer Group -================== - - -- BGP: neighbor WORD peer-group - This command defines a new peer group. - - -- BGP: neighbor PEER peer-group WORD - This command bind specific peer to peer group WORD. - - -File: quagga.info, Node: BGP Address Family, Next: Autonomous System, Prev: BGP Peer Group, Up: BGP - -9.6 BGP Address Family -====================== - - -File: quagga.info, Node: Autonomous System, Next: BGP Communities Attribute, Prev: BGP Address Family, Up: BGP - -9.7 Autonomous System -===================== - -The AS (Autonomous System) number is one of the essential element of -BGP. BGP is a distance vector routing protocol, and the AS-Path -framework provides distance vector metric and loop detection to BGP. -`RFC1930, Guidelines for creation, selection, and registration of an -Autonomous System (AS)' provides some background on the concepts of an -AS. - - The AS number is a two octet value, ranging in value from 1 to 65535. -The AS numbers 64512 through 65535 are defined as private AS numbers. -Private AS numbers must not to be advertised in the global Internet. - -* Menu: - -* AS Path Regular Expression:: -* Display BGP Routes by AS Path:: -* AS Path Access List:: -* Using AS Path in Route Map:: -* Private AS Numbers:: - - -File: quagga.info, Node: AS Path Regular Expression, Next: Display BGP Routes by AS Path, Up: Autonomous System - -9.7.1 AS Path Regular Expression --------------------------------- - -AS path regular expression can be used for displaying BGP routes and AS -path access list. AS path regular expression is based on `POSIX -1003.2' regular expressions. Following description is just a subset of -`POSIX' regular expression. User can use full `POSIX' regular -expression. Adding to that special character '_' is added for AS path -regular expression. - -`.' - Matches any single character. - -`*' - Matches 0 or more occurrences of pattern. - -`+' - Matches 1 or more occurrences of pattern. - -`?' - Match 0 or 1 occurrences of pattern. - -`^' - Matches the beginning of the line. - -`$' - Matches the end of the line. - -`_' - Character `_' has special meanings in AS path regular expression. - It matches to space and comma , and AS set delimiter { and } and AS - confederation delimiter `(' and `)'. And it also matches to the - beginning of the line and the end of the line. So `_' can be used - for AS value boundaries match. `show ip bgp regexp _7675_' - matches to all of BGP routes which as AS number include 7675. - - -File: quagga.info, Node: Display BGP Routes by AS Path, Next: AS Path Access List, Prev: AS Path Regular Expression, Up: Autonomous System - -9.7.2 Display BGP Routes by AS Path ------------------------------------ - -To show BGP routes which has specific AS path information `show ip bgp' -command can be used. - - -- Command: show ip bgp regexp LINE - This commands display BGP routes that matches AS path regular - expression LINE. - - -File: quagga.info, Node: AS Path Access List, Next: Using AS Path in Route Map, Prev: Display BGP Routes by AS Path, Up: Autonomous System - -9.7.3 AS Path Access List -------------------------- - -AS path access list is user defined AS path. - - -- Command: ip as-path access-list WORD {permit|deny} LINE - This command defines a new AS path access list. - - -- Command: no ip as-path access-list WORD - -- Command: no ip as-path access-list WORD {permit|deny} LINE - - -File: quagga.info, Node: Using AS Path in Route Map, Next: Private AS Numbers, Prev: AS Path Access List, Up: Autonomous System - -9.7.4 Using AS Path in Route Map --------------------------------- - - -- Route Map: match as-path WORD - - -- Route Map: set as-path prepend AS-PATH - - -File: quagga.info, Node: Private AS Numbers, Prev: Using AS Path in Route Map, Up: Autonomous System - -9.7.5 Private AS Numbers ------------------------- - - -File: quagga.info, Node: BGP Communities Attribute, Next: BGP Extended Communities Attribute, Prev: Autonomous System, Up: BGP - -9.8 BGP Communities Attribute -============================= - -BGP communities attribute is widely used for implementing policy -routing. Network operators can manipulate BGP communities attribute -based on their network policy. BGP communities attribute is defined in -`RFC1997, BGP Communities Attribute' and `RFC1998, An Application of -the BGP Community Attribute in Multi-home Routing'. It is an optional -transitive attribute, therefore local policy can travel through -different autonomous system. - - Communities attribute is a set of communities values. Each -communities value is 4 octet long. The following format is used to -define communities value. - -`AS:VAL' - This format represents 4 octet communities value. `AS' is high - order 2 octet in digit format. `VAL' is low order 2 octet in - digit format. This format is useful to define AS oriented policy - value. For example, `7675:80' can be used when AS 7675 wants to - pass local policy value 80 to neighboring peer. - -`internet' - `internet' represents well-known communities value 0. - -`no-export' - `no-export' represents well-known communities value `NO_EXPORT' - (0xFFFFFF01). All routes carry this value must not be advertised - to outside a BGP confederation boundary. If neighboring BGP peer - is part of BGP confederation, the peer is considered as inside a - BGP confederation boundary, so the route will be announced to the - peer. - -`no-advertise' - `no-advertise' represents well-known communities value - `NO_ADVERTISE' - (0xFFFFFF02). All routes carry this value must not be advertise - to other BGP peers. - -`local-AS' - `local-AS' represents well-known communities value - `NO_EXPORT_SUBCONFED' (0xFFFFFF03). All routes carry this value - must not be advertised to external BGP peers. Even if the - neighboring router is part of confederation, it is considered as - external BGP peer, so the route will not be announced to the peer. - - When BGP communities attribute is received, duplicated communities -value in the communities attribute is ignored and each communities -values are sorted in numerical order. - -* Menu: - -* BGP Community Lists:: -* Numbered BGP Community Lists:: -* BGP Community in Route Map:: -* Display BGP Routes by Community:: -* Using BGP Communities Attribute:: - - -File: quagga.info, Node: BGP Community Lists, Next: Numbered BGP Community Lists, Up: BGP Communities Attribute - -9.8.1 BGP Community Lists -------------------------- - -BGP community list is a user defined BGP communites attribute list. -BGP community list can be used for matching or manipulating BGP -communities attribute in updates. - - There are two types of community list. One is standard community -list and another is expanded community list. Standard community list -defines communities attribute. Expanded community list defines -communities attribute string with regular expression. Standard -community list is compiled into binary format when user define it. -Standard community list will be directly compared to BGP communities -attribute in BGP updates. Therefore the comparison is faster than -expanded community list. - - -- Command: ip community-list standard NAME {permit|deny} COMMUNITY - This command defines a new standard community list. COMMUNITY is - communities value. The COMMUNITY is compiled into community - structure. We can define multiple community list under same name. - In that case match will happen user defined order. Once the - community list matches to communities attribute in BGP updates it - return permit or deny by the community list definition. When - there is no matched entry, deny will be returned. When COMMUNITY - is empty it matches to any routes. - - -- Command: ip community-list expanded NAME {permit|deny} LINE - This command defines a new expanded community list. LINE is a - string expression of communities attribute. LINE can include - regular expression to match communities attribute in BGP updates. - - -- Command: no ip community-list NAME - -- Command: no ip community-list standard NAME - -- Command: no ip community-list expanded NAME - These commands delete community lists specified by NAME. All of - community lists shares a single name space. So community lists - can be removed simpley specifying community lists name. - - -- Command: show ip community-list - -- Command: show ip community-list NAME - This command display current community list information. When - NAME is specified the specified community list's information is - shown. - - # show ip community-list - Named Community standard list CLIST - permit 7675:80 7675:100 no-export - deny internet - Named Community expanded list EXPAND - permit : - - # show ip community-list CLIST - Named Community standard list CLIST - permit 7675:80 7675:100 no-export - deny internet - - -File: quagga.info, Node: Numbered BGP Community Lists, Next: BGP Community in Route Map, Prev: BGP Community Lists, Up: BGP Communities Attribute - -9.8.2 Numbered BGP Community Lists ----------------------------------- - -When number is used for BGP community list name, the number has special -meanings. Community list number in the range from 1 and 99 is standard -community list. Community list number in the range from 100 to 199 is -expanded community list. These community lists are called as numbered -community lists. On the other hand normal community lists is called as -named community lists. - - -- Command: ip community-list <1-99> {permit|deny} COMMUNITY - This command defines a new community list. <1-99> is standard - community list number. Community list name within this range - defines standard community list. When COMMUNITY is empty it - matches to any routes. - - -- Command: ip community-list <100-199> {permit|deny} COMMUNITY - This command defines a new community list. <100-199> is expanded - community list number. Community list name within this range - defines expanded community list. - - -- Command: ip community-list NAME {permit|deny} COMMUNITY - When community list type is not specifed, the community list type - is automatically detected. If COMMUNITY can be compiled into - communities attribute, the community list is defined as a standard - community list. Otherwise it is defined as an expanded community - list. This feature is left for backward compability. Use of this - feature is not recommended. - - -File: quagga.info, Node: BGP Community in Route Map, Next: Display BGP Routes by Community, Prev: Numbered BGP Community Lists, Up: BGP Communities Attribute - -9.8.3 BGP Community in Route Map --------------------------------- - -In Route Map (*note Route Map::), we can match or set BGP communities -attribute. Using this feature network operator can implement their -network policy based on BGP communities attribute. - - Following commands can be used in Route Map. - - -- Route Map: match community WORD - -- Route Map: match community WORD exact-match - This command perform match to BGP updates using community list - WORD. When the one of BGP communities value match to the one of - communities value in community list, it is match. When - `exact-match' keyword is spcified, match happen only when BGP - updates have completely same communities value specified in the - community list. - - -- Route Map: set community none - -- Route Map: set community COMMUNITY - -- Route Map: set community COMMUNITY additive - This command manipulate communities value in BGP updates. When - `none' is specified as communities value, it removes entire - communities attribute from BGP updates. When COMMUNITY is not - `none', specified communities value is set to BGP updates. If BGP - updates already has BGP communities value, the existing BGP - communities value is replaced with specified COMMUNITY value. - When `additive' keyword is specified, COMMUNITY is appended to the - existing communities value. - - -- Route Map: set comm-list WORD delete - This command remove communities value from BGP communities - attribute. The WORD is community list name. When BGP route's - communities value matches to the community list WORD, the - communities value is removed. When all of communities value is - removed eventually, the BGP update's communities attribute is - completely removed. - - -File: quagga.info, Node: Display BGP Routes by Community, Next: Using BGP Communities Attribute, Prev: BGP Community in Route Map, Up: BGP Communities Attribute - -9.8.4 Display BGP Routes by Community -------------------------------------- - -To show BGP routes which has specific BGP communities attribute, `show -ip bgp' command can be used. The COMMUNITY value and community list -can be used for `show ip bgp' command. - - -- Command: show ip bgp community - -- Command: show ip bgp community COMMUNITY - -- Command: show ip bgp community COMMUNITY exact-match - `show ip bgp community' displays BGP routes which has communities - attribute. When COMMUNITY is specified, BGP routes that matches - COMMUNITY value is displayed. For this command, `internet' - keyword can't be used for COMMUNITY value. When `exact-match' is - specified, it display only routes that have an exact match. - - -- Command: show ip bgp community-list WORD - -- Command: show ip bgp community-list WORD exact-match - This commands display BGP routes that matches community list WORD. - When `exact-match' is specified, display only routes that have an - exact match. - - -File: quagga.info, Node: Using BGP Communities Attribute, Prev: Display BGP Routes by Community, Up: BGP Communities Attribute - -9.8.5 Using BGP Communities Attribute -------------------------------------- - -Following configuration is the most typical usage of BGP communities -attribute. AS 7675 provides upstream Internet connection to AS 100. -When following configuration exists in AS 7675, AS 100 networks -operator can set local preference in AS 7675 network by setting BGP -communities attribute to the updates. - - router bgp 7675 - neighbor 192.168.0.1 remote-as 100 - neighbor 192.168.0.1 route-map RMAP in - ! - ip community-list 70 permit 7675:70 - ip community-list 70 deny - ip community-list 80 permit 7675:80 - ip community-list 80 deny - ip community-list 90 permit 7675:90 - ip community-list 90 deny - ! - route-map RMAP permit 10 - match community 70 - set local-preference 70 - ! - route-map RMAP permit 20 - match community 80 - set local-preference 80 - ! - route-map RMAP permit 30 - match community 90 - set local-preference 90 - - Following configuration announce 10.0.0.0/8 from AS 100 to AS 7675. -The route has communities value 7675:80 so when above configuration -exists in AS 7675, announced route's local preference will be set to -value 80. - - router bgp 100 - network 10.0.0.0/8 - neighbor 192.168.0.2 remote-as 7675 - neighbor 192.168.0.2 route-map RMAP out - ! - ip prefix-list PLIST permit 10.0.0.0/8 - ! - route-map RMAP permit 10 - match ip address prefix-list PLIST - set community 7675:80 - - Following configuration is an example of BGP route filtering using -communities attribute. This configuration only permit BGP routes which -has BGP communities value 0:80 or 0:90. Network operator can put -special internal communities value at BGP border router, then limit the -BGP routes announcement into the internal network. - - router bgp 7675 - neighbor 192.168.0.1 remote-as 100 - neighbor 192.168.0.1 route-map RMAP in - ! - ip community-list 1 permit 0:80 0:90 - ! - route-map RMAP permit in - match community 1 - - Following exmaple filter BGP routes which has communities value 1:1. -When there is no match community-list returns deny. To avoid filtering -all of routes, we need to define permit any at last. - - router bgp 7675 - neighbor 192.168.0.1 remote-as 100 - neighbor 192.168.0.1 route-map RMAP in - ! - ip community-list standard FILTER deny 1:1 - ip community-list standard FILTER permit - ! - route-map RMAP permit 10 - match community FILTER - - Communities value keyword `internet' has special meanings in -standard community lists. In below example `internet' act as match -any. It matches all of BGP routes even if the route does not have -communities attribute at all. So community list `INTERNET' is same as -above example's `FILTER'. - - ip community-list standard INTERNET deny 1:1 - ip community-list standard INTERNET permit internet - - Following configuration is an example of communities value deletion. -With this configuration communities value 100:1 and 100:2 is removed -from BGP updates. For communities value deletion, only `permit' -community-list is used. `deny' community-list is ignored. - - router bgp 7675 - neighbor 192.168.0.1 remote-as 100 - neighbor 192.168.0.1 route-map RMAP in - ! - ip community-list standard DEL permit 100:1 100:2 - ! - route-map RMAP permit 10 - set comm-list DEL delete - - -File: quagga.info, Node: BGP Extended Communities Attribute, Next: Displaying BGP routes, Prev: BGP Communities Attribute, Up: BGP - -9.9 BGP Extended Communities Attribute -====================================== - -BGP extended communities attribute is introduced with MPLS VPN/BGP -technology. MPLS VPN/BGP expands capability of network infrastructure -to provide VPN functionality. At the same time it requires a new -framework for policy routing. With BGP Extended Communities Attribute -we can use Route Target or Site of Origin for implementing network -policy for MPLS VPN/BGP. - - BGP Extended Communities Attribute is similar to BGP Communities -Attribute. It is an optional transitive attribute. BGP Extended -Communities Attribute can carry multiple Extended Community value. -Each Extended Community value is eight octet length. - - BGP Extended Communities Attribute provides an extended range -compared with BGP Communities Attribute. Adding to that there is a -type field in each value to provides community space structure. - - There are two format to define Extended Community value. One is AS -based format the other is IP address based format. - -`AS:VAL' - This is a format to define AS based Extended Community value. - `AS' part is 2 octets Global Administrator subfield in Extended - Community value. `VAL' part is 4 octets Local Administrator - subfield. `7675:100' represents AS 7675 policy value 100. - -`IP-Address:VAL' - This is a format to define IP address based Extended Community - value. `IP-Address' part is 4 octets Global Administrator - subfield. `VAL' part is 2 octets Local Administrator subfield. - `10.0.0.1:100' represents - -* Menu: - -* BGP Extended Community Lists:: -* BGP Extended Communities in Route Map:: - - -File: quagga.info, Node: BGP Extended Community Lists, Next: BGP Extended Communities in Route Map, Up: BGP Extended Communities Attribute - -9.9.1 BGP Extended Community Lists ----------------------------------- - -Expanded Community Lists is a user defined BGP Expanded Community Lists. - - -- Command: ip extcommunity-list standard NAME {permit|deny} -EXTCOMMUNITY - This command defines a new standard extcommunity-list. - EXTCOMMUNITY is extended communities value. The EXTCOMMUNITY is - compiled into extended community structure. We can define - multiple extcommunity-list under same name. In that case match - will happen user defined order. Once the extcommunity-list - matches to extended communities attribute in BGP updates it return - permit or deny based upon the extcommunity-list definition. When - there is no matched entry, deny will be returned. When - EXTCOMMUNITY is empty it matches to any routes. - - -- Command: ip extcommunity-list expanded NAME {permit|deny} LINE - This command defines a new expanded extcommunity-list. LINE is a - string expression of extended communities attribute. LINE can - include regular expression to match extended communities attribute - in BGP updates. - - -- Command: no ip extcommunity-list NAME - -- Command: no ip extcommunity-list standard NAME - -- Command: no ip extcommunity-list expanded NAME - These commands delete extended community lists specified by NAME. - All of extended community lists shares a single name space. So - extended community lists can be removed simpley specifying the - name. - - -- Command: show ip extcommunity-list - -- Command: show ip extcommunity-list NAME - This command display current extcommunity-list information. When - NAME is specified the community list's information is shown. - - # show ip extcommunity-list - - -File: quagga.info, Node: BGP Extended Communities in Route Map, Prev: BGP Extended Community Lists, Up: BGP Extended Communities Attribute - -9.9.2 BGP Extended Communities in Route Map -------------------------------------------- - - -- Route Map: match extcommunity WORD - - -- Route Map: set extcommunity rt EXTCOMMUNITY - This command set Route Target value. - - -- Route Map: set extcommunity soo EXTCOMMUNITY - This command set Site of Origin value. - - -File: quagga.info, Node: Displaying BGP routes, Next: Capability Negotiation, Prev: BGP Extended Communities Attribute, Up: BGP - -9.10 Displaying BGP Routes -========================== - -* Menu: - -* Show IP BGP:: -* More Show IP BGP:: - - -File: quagga.info, Node: Show IP BGP, Next: More Show IP BGP, Up: Displaying BGP routes - -9.10.1 Show IP BGP ------------------- - - -- Command: show ip bgp - -- Command: show ip bgp A.B.C.D - -- Command: show ip bgp X:X::X:X - This command displays BGP routes. When no route is specified it - display all of IPv4 BGP routes. - - BGP table version is 0, local router ID is 10.1.1.1 - Status codes: s suppressed, d damped, h history, * valid, > best, i - internal - Origin codes: i - IGP, e - EGP, ? - incomplete - - Network Next Hop Metric LocPrf Weight Path - *> 1.1.1.1/32 0.0.0.0 0 32768 i - - Total number of prefixes 1 - - -File: quagga.info, Node: More Show IP BGP, Prev: Show IP BGP, Up: Displaying BGP routes - -9.10.2 More Show IP BGP ------------------------ - - -- Command: show ip bgp regexp LINE - This command display BGP routes using AS path regular expression - (*note Display BGP Routes by AS Path::). - - -- Command: show ip bgp community COMMUNITY - -- Command: show ip bgp community COMMUNITY exact-match - This command display BGP routes using COMMUNITY (*note Display BGP - Routes by Community::). - - -- Command: show ip bgp community-list WORD - -- Command: show ip bgp community-list WORD exact-match - This command display BGP routes using community list (*note - Display BGP Routes by Community::). - - -- Command: show ip bgp summary - - -- Command: show ip bgp neighbor [PEER] - - -- Command: clear ip bgp PEER - Clear peers which have addresses of X.X.X.X - - -- Command: clear ip bgp PEER soft in - Clear peer using soft reconfiguration. - - -- Command: show debug - - -- Command: debug event - - -- Command: debug update - - -- Command: debug keepalive - - -- Command: no debug event - - -- Command: no debug update - - -- Command: no debug keepalive - - -File: quagga.info, Node: Capability Negotiation, Next: Route Reflector, Prev: Displaying BGP routes, Up: BGP - -9.11 Capability Negotiation -=========================== - -When adding IPv6 routing information exchange feature to BGP. There -were some proposals. IETF (Internet Engineering Task Force) IDR (Inter -Domain Routing) WG (Working group) adopted a proposal called -Multiprotocol Extension for BGP. The specification is described in -`RFC2283'. The protocol does not define new protocols. It defines new -attributes to existing BGP. When it is used exchanging IPv6 routing -information it is called BGP-4+. When it is used for exchanging -multicast routing information it is called MBGP. - - `bgpd' supports Multiprotocol Extension for BGP. So if remote peer -supports the protocol, `bgpd' can exchange IPv6 and/or multicast -routing information. - - Traditional BGP did not have the feature to detect remote peer's -capabilities, e.g. whether it can handle prefix types other than IPv4 -unicast routes. This was a big problem using Multiprotocol Extension -for BGP to operational network. `RFC2842, Capabilities Advertisement -with BGP-4' adopted a feature called Capability Negotiation. `bgpd' use -this Capability Negotiation to detect the remote peer's capabilities. -If the peer is only configured as IPv4 unicast neighbor, `bgpd' does -not send these Capability Negotiation packets (at least not unless -other optional BGP features require capability negotation). - - By default, Quagga will bring up peering with minimal common -capability for the both sides. For example, local router has unicast -and multicast capabilitie and remote router has unicast capability. In -this case, the local router will establish the connection with unicast -only capability. When there are no common capabilities, Quagga sends -Unsupported Capability error and then resets the connection. - - If you want to completely match capabilities with remote peer. -Please use `strict-capability-match' command. - - -- BGP: neighbor PEER strict-capability-match - -- BGP: no neighbor PEER strict-capability-match - Strictly compares remote capabilities and local capabilities. If - capabilities are different, send Unsupported Capability error then - reset connection. - - You may want to disable sending Capability Negotiation OPEN message -optional parameter to the peer when remote peer does not implement -Capability Negotiation. Please use `dont-capability-negotiate' command -to disable the feature. - - -- BGP: neighbor PEER dont-capability-negotiate - -- BGP: no neighbor PEER dont-capability-negotiate - Suppress sending Capability Negotiation as OPEN message optional - parameter to the peer. This command only affects the peer is - configured other than IPv4 unicast configuration. - - When remote peer does not have capability negotiation feature, remote -peer will not send any capabilities at all. In that case, bgp -configures the peer with configured capabilities. - - You may prefer locally configured capabilities more than the -negotiated capabilities even though remote peer sends capabilities. If -the peer is configured by `override-capability', `bgpd' ignores -received capabilities then override negotiated capabilities with -configured values. - - -- BGP: neighbor PEER override-capability - -- BGP: no neighbor PEER override-capability - Override the result of Capability Negotiation with local - configuration. Ignore remote peer's capability value. - - -File: quagga.info, Node: Route Reflector, Next: Route Server, Prev: Capability Negotiation, Up: BGP - -9.12 Route Reflector -==================== - - -- BGP: bgp cluster-id A.B.C.D - - -- BGP: neighbor PEER route-reflector-client - -- BGP: no neighbor PEER route-reflector-client - - -File: quagga.info, Node: Route Server, Next: How to set up a 6-Bone connection, Prev: Route Reflector, Up: BGP - -9.13 Route Server -================= - -At an Internet Exchange point, many ISPs are connected to each other by -external BGP peering. Normally these external BGP connection are done -by `full mesh' method. As with internal BGP full mesh formation, this -method has a scaling problem. - - This scaling problem is well known. Route Server is a method to -resolve the problem. Each ISP's BGP router only peers to Route Server. -Route Server serves as BGP information exchange to other BGP routers. -By applying this method, numbers of BGP connections is reduced from -O(n*(n-1)/2) to O(n). - - Unlike normal BGP router, Route Server must have several routing -tables for managing different routing policies for each BGP speaker. -We call the routing tables as different `view's. `bgpd' can work as -normal BGP router or Route Server or both at the same time. - -* Menu: - -* Multiple instance:: -* BGP instance and view:: -* Routing policy:: -* Viewing the view:: - - -File: quagga.info, Node: Multiple instance, Next: BGP instance and view, Up: Route Server - -9.13.1 Multiple instance ------------------------- - -To enable multiple view function of `bgpd', you must turn on multiple -instance feature beforehand. - - -- Command: bgp multiple-instance - Enable BGP multiple instance feature. After this feature is - enabled, you can make multiple BGP instances or multiple BGP views. - - -- Command: no bgp multiple-instance - Disable BGP multiple instance feature. You can not disable this - feature when BGP multiple instances or views exist. - - When you want to make configuration more Cisco like one, - - -- Command: bgp config-type cisco - Cisco compatible BGP configuration output. - - When bgp config-type cisco is specified, - - "no synchronization" is displayed. "no auto-summary" is desplayed. - - "network" and "aggregate-address" argument is displayed as "A.B.C.D -M.M.M.M" - - Quagga: network 10.0.0.0/8 Cisco: network 10.0.0.0 - - Quagga: aggregate-address 192.168.0.0/24 Cisco: aggregate-address -192.168.0.0 255.255.255.0 - - Community attribute handling is also different. If there is no -configuration is specified community attribute and extended community -attribute are sent to neighbor. When user manually disable the feature -community attribute is not sent to the neighbor. In case of `bgp -config-type cisco' is specified, community attribute is not sent to the -neighbor by default. To send community attribute user has to specify -`neighbor A.B.C.D send-community' command. - - ! - router bgp 1 - neighbor 10.0.0.1 remote-as 1 - no neighbor 10.0.0.1 send-community - ! - router bgp 1 - neighbor 10.0.0.1 remote-as 1 - neighbor 10.0.0.1 send-community - ! - - -- Command: bgp config-type zebra - Quagga style BGP configuration. This is default. - - -File: quagga.info, Node: BGP instance and view, Next: Routing policy, Prev: Multiple instance, Up: Route Server - -9.13.2 BGP instance and view ----------------------------- - -BGP instance is a normal BGP process. The result of route selection -goes to the kernel routing table. You can setup different AS at the -same time when BGP multiple instance feature is enabled. - - -- Command: router bgp AS-NUMBER - Make a new BGP instance. You can use arbitrary word for the NAME. - - bgp multiple-instance - ! - router bgp 1 - neighbor 10.0.0.1 remote-as 2 - neighbor 10.0.0.2 remote-as 3 - ! - router bgp 2 - neighbor 10.0.0.3 remote-as 4 - neighbor 10.0.0.4 remote-as 5 - - BGP view is almost same as normal BGP process. The result of route -selection does not go to the kernel routing table. BGP view is only -for exchanging BGP routing information. - - -- Command: router bgp AS-NUMBER view NAME - Make a new BGP view. You can use arbitrary word for the NAME. - This view's route selection result does not go to the kernel - routing table. - - With this command, you can setup Route Server like below. - - bgp multiple-instance - ! - router bgp 1 view 1 - neighbor 10.0.0.1 remote-as 2 - neighbor 10.0.0.2 remote-as 3 - ! - router bgp 2 view 2 - neighbor 10.0.0.3 remote-as 4 - neighbor 10.0.0.4 remote-as 5 - - -File: quagga.info, Node: Routing policy, Next: Viewing the view, Prev: BGP instance and view, Up: Route Server - -9.13.3 Routing policy ---------------------- - -You can set different routing policy for a peer. For example, you can -set different filter for a peer. - - bgp multiple-instance - ! - router bgp 1 view 1 - neighbor 10.0.0.1 remote-as 2 - neighbor 10.0.0.1 distribute-list 1 in - ! - router bgp 1 view 2 - neighbor 10.0.0.1 remote-as 2 - neighbor 10.0.0.1 distribute-list 2 in - - This means BGP update from a peer 10.0.0.1 goes to both BGP view 1 -and view 2. When the update is inserted into view 1, distribute-list 1 -is applied. On the other hand, when the update is inserted into view 2, -distribute-list 2 is applied. - - -File: quagga.info, Node: Viewing the view, Prev: Routing policy, Up: Route Server - -9.13.4 Viewing the view ------------------------ - -To display routing table of BGP view, you must specify view name. - - -- Command: show ip bgp view NAME - Display routing table of BGP view NAME. - - -File: quagga.info, Node: How to set up a 6-Bone connection, Next: Dump BGP packets and table, Prev: Route Server, Up: BGP - -9.14 How to set up a 6-Bone connection -====================================== - - zebra configuration - =================== - ! - ! Actually there is no need to configure zebra - ! - - bgpd configuration - ================== - ! - ! This means that routes go through zebra and into the kernel. - ! - router zebra - ! - ! MP-BGP configuration - ! - router bgp 7675 - bgp router-id 10.0.0.1 - neighbor 3ffe:1cfa:0:2:2a0:c9ff:fe9e:f56 remote-as AS-NUMBER - ! - address-family ipv6 - network 3ffe:506::/32 - neighbor 3ffe:1cfa:0:2:2a0:c9ff:fe9e:f56 activate - neighbor 3ffe:1cfa:0:2:2a0:c9ff:fe9e:f56 route-map set-nexthop out - neighbor 3ffe:1cfa:0:2:2c0:4fff:fe68:a231 remote-as AS-NUMBER - neighbor 3ffe:1cfa:0:2:2c0:4fff:fe68:a231 route-map set-nexthop out - exit-address-family - ! - ipv6 access-list all permit any - ! - ! Set output nexthop address. - ! - route-map set-nexthop permit 10 - match ipv6 address all - set ipv6 nexthop global 3ffe:1cfa:0:2:2c0:4fff:fe68:a225 - set ipv6 nexthop local fe80::2c0:4fff:fe68:a225 - ! - ! logfile FILENAME is obsolete. Please use log file FILENAME - - log file bgpd.log - ! - - -File: quagga.info, Node: Dump BGP packets and table, Next: BGP Configuration Examples, Prev: How to set up a 6-Bone connection, Up: BGP - -9.15 Dump BGP packets and table -=============================== - - -- Command: dump bgp all PATH - -- Command: dump bgp all PATH INTERVAL - Dump all BGP packet and events to PATH file. - - -- Command: dump bgp updates PATH - -- Command: dump bgp updates PATH INTERVAL - Dump BGP updates to PATH file. - - -- Command: dump bgp routes PATH - -- Command: dump bgp routes PATH - Dump whole BGP routing table to PATH. This is heavy process. - - -File: quagga.info, Node: BGP Configuration Examples, Prev: Dump BGP packets and table, Up: BGP - -9.16 BGP Configuration Examples -=============================== - -Example of a session to an upstream, advertising only one prefix to it. - - router bgp 64512 - bgp router-id 10.236.87.1 - network 10.236.87.0/24 - neighbor upstream peer-group - neighbor upstream remote-as 64515 - neighbor upstream capability dynamic - neighbor upstream prefix-list pl-allowed-adv out - neighbor 10.1.1.1 peer-group upstream - neighbor 10.1.1.1 description ACME ISP - ! - ip prefix-list pl-allowed-adv seq 5 permit 82.195.133.0/25 - ip prefix-list pl-allowed-adv seq 10 deny any - - A more complex example. With upstream, peer and customer sessions. -Advertising global prefixes and NO_EXPORT prefixes and providing -actions for customer routes based on community values. Extensive use of -route-maps and the 'call' feature to support selective advertising of -prefixes. This example is intended as guidance only, it has NOT been -tested and almost certainly containts silly mistakes, if not serious -flaws. - - router bgp 64512 - bgp router-id 10.236.87.1 - network 10.123.456.0/24 - network 10.123.456.128/25 route-map rm-no-export - neighbor upstream capability dynamic - neighbor upstream route-map rm-upstream-out out - neighbor cust capability dynamic - neighbor cust route-map rm-cust-in in - neighbor cust route-map rm-cust-out out - neighbor cust send-community both - neighbor peer capability dynamic - neighbor peer route-map rm-peer-in in - neighbor peer route-map rm-peer-out out - neighbor peer send-community both - neighbor 10.1.1.1 remote-as 64515 - neighbor 10.1.1.1 peer-group upstream - neighbor 10.2.1.1 remote-as 64516 - neighbor 10.2.1.1 peer-group upstream - neighbor 10.3.1.1 remote-as 64517 - neighbor 10.3.1.1 peer-group cust-default - neighbor 10.3.1.1 description customer1 - neighbor 10.3.1.1 prefix-list pl-cust1-network in - neighbor 10.4.1.1 remote-as 64518 - neighbor 10.4.1.1 peer-group cust - neighbor 10.4.1.1 prefix-list pl-cust2-network in - neighbor 10.4.1.1 description customer2 - neighbor 10.5.1.1 remote-as 64519 - neighbor 10.5.1.1 peer-group peer - neighbor 10.5.1.1 prefix-list pl-peer1-network in - neighbor 10.5.1.1 description peer AS 1 - neighbor 10.6.1.1 remote-as 64520 - neighbor 10.6.1.1 peer-group peer - neighbor 10.6.1.1 prefix-list pl-peer2-network in - neighbor 10.6.1.1 description peer AS 2 - ! - ip prefix-list pl-default permit 0.0.0.0/0 - ! - ip prefix-list pl-upstream-peers permit 10.1.1.1/32 - ip prefix-list pl-upstream-peers permit 10.2.1.1/32 - ! - ip prefix-list pl-cust1-network permit 10.3.1.0/24 - ip prefix-list pl-cust1-network permit 10.3.2.0/24 - ! - ip prefix-list pl-cust2-network permit 10.4.1.0/24 - ! - ip prefix-list pl-peer1-network permit 10.5.1.0/24 - ip prefix-list pl-peer1-network permit 10.5.2.0/24 - ip prefix-list pl-peer1-network permit 192.168.0.0/24 - ! - ip prefix-list pl-peer2-network permit 10.6.1.0/24 - ip prefix-list pl-peer2-network permit 10.6.2.0/24 - ip prefix-list pl-peer2-network permit 192.168.1.0/24 - ip prefix-list pl-peer2-network permit 192.168.2.0/24 - ip prefix-list pl-peer2-network permit 172.16.1/24 - ! - ip as-path access-list asp-own-as permit ^$ - ip as-path access-list asp-own-as permit _64512_ - ! - ! ################################################################# - ! Match communities we provide actions for, on routes receives from - ! customers. Communities values of <our-ASN>:X, with X, have actions: - ! - ! 100 - blackhole the prefix - ! 200 - set no_export - ! 300 - advertise only to other customers - ! 400 - advertise only to upstreams - ! 500 - set no_export when advertising to upstreams - ! 2X00 - set local_preference to X00 - ! - ! blackhole the prefix of the route - ip community-list standard cm-blackhole permit 64512:100 - ! - ! set no-export community before advertising - ip community-list standard cm-set-no-export permit 64512:200 - ! - ! advertise only to other customers - ip community-list standard cm-cust-only permit 64512:300 - ! - ! advertise only to upstreams - ip community-list standard cm-upstream-only permit 64512:400 - ! - ! advertise to upstreams with no-export - ip community-list standard cm-upstream-noexport permit 64512:500 - ! - ! set local-pref to least significant 3 digits of the community - ip community-list standard cm-prefmod-100 permit 64512:2100 - ip community-list standard cm-prefmod-200 permit 64512:2200 - ip community-list standard cm-prefmod-300 permit 64512:2300 - ip community-list standard cm-prefmod-400 permit 64512:2400 - ip community-list expanded cme-prefmod-range permit 64512:2... - ! - ! Informational communities - ! - ! 3000 - learned from upstream - ! 3100 - learned from customer - ! 3200 - learned from peer - ! - ip community-list standard cm-learnt-upstream permit 64512:3000 - ip community-list standard cm-learnt-cust permit 64512:3100 - ip community-list standard cm-learnt-peer permit 64512:3200 - ! - ! ################################################################### - ! Utility route-maps - ! - ! These utility route-maps generally should not used to permit/deny - ! routes, i.e. they do not have meaning as filters, and hence probably - ! should be used with 'on-match next'. These all finish with an empty - ! permit entry so as not interfere with processing in the caller. - ! - route-map rm-no-export permit 10 - set community additive no-export - route-map rm-no-export permit 20 - ! - route-map rm-blackhole permit 10 - description blackhole, up-pref and ensure it cant escape this AS - set ip next-hop 127.0.0.1 - set local-preference 10 - set community additive no-export - route-map rm-blackhole permit 20 - ! - ! Set local-pref as requested - route-map rm-prefmod permit 10 - match community cm-prefmod-100 - set local-preference 100 - route-map rm-prefmod permit 20 - match community cm-prefmod-200 - set local-preference 200 - route-map rm-prefmod permit 30 - match community cm-prefmod-300 - set local-preference 300 - route-map rm-prefmod permit 40 - match community cm-prefmod-400 - set local-preference 400 - route-map rm-prefmod permit 50 - ! - ! Community actions to take on receipt of route. - route-map rm-community-in permit 10 - description check for blackholing, no point continuing if it matches. - match community cm-blackhole - call rm-blackhole - route-map rm-community-in permit 20 - match community cm-set-no-export - call rm-no-export - on-match next - route-map rm-community-in permit 30 - match community cme-prefmod-range - call rm-prefmod - route-map rm-community-in permit 40 - ! - ! ##################################################################### - ! Community actions to take when advertising a route. - ! These are filtering route-maps, - ! - ! Deny customer routes to upstream with cust-only set. - route-map rm-community-filt-to-upstream deny 10 - match community cm-learnt-cust - match community cm-cust-only - route-map rm-community-filt-to-upstream permit 20 - ! - ! Deny customer routes to other customers with upstream-only set. - route-map rm-community-filt-to-cust deny 10 - match community cm-learnt-cust - match community cm-upstream-only - route-map rm-community-filt-to-cust permit 20 - ! - ! ################################################################### - ! The top-level route-maps applied to sessions. Further entries could - ! be added obviously.. - ! - ! Customers - route-map rm-cust-in permit 10 - call rm-community-in - on-match next - route-map rm-cust-in permit 20 - set community additive 64512:3100 - route-map rm-cust-in permit 30 - ! - route-map rm-cust-out permit 10 - call rm-community-filt-to-cust - on-match next - route-map rm-cust-out permit 20 - ! - ! Upstream transit ASes - route-map rm-upstream-out permit 10 - description filter customer prefixes which are marked cust-only - call rm-community-filt-to-upstream - on-match next - route-map rm-upstream-out permit 20 - description only customer routes are provided to upstreams/peers - match community cm-learnt-cust - ! - ! Peer ASes - ! outbound policy is same as for upstream - route-map rm-peer-out permit 10 - call rm-upstream-out - ! - route-map rm-peer-in permit 10 - set community additive 64512:3200 - - -File: quagga.info, Node: Configuring Quagga as a Route Server, Next: VTY shell, Prev: BGP, Up: Top - -10 Configuring Quagga as a Route Server -*************************************** - -The purpose of a Route Server is to centralize the peerings between BGP -speakers. For example if we have an exchange point scenario with four -BGP speakers, each of which maintaining a BGP peering with the other -three (*note fig:full-mesh::), we can convert it into a centralized -scenario where each of the four establishes a single BGP peering -against the Route Server (*note fig:route-server::). - - We will first describe briefly the Route Server model implemented by -Quagga. We will explain the commands that have been added for -configuring that model. And finally we will show a full example of -Quagga configured as Route Server. - -* Menu: - -* Description of the Route Server model:: -* Commands for configuring a Route Server:: -* Example of Route Server Configuration:: - - -File: quagga.info, Node: Description of the Route Server model, Next: Commands for configuring a Route Server, Up: Configuring Quagga as a Route Server - -10.1 Description of the Route Server model -========================================== - -First we are going to describe the normal processing that BGP -announcements suffer inside a standard BGP speaker, as shown in *Note -fig:normal-processing::, it consists of three steps: - - * When an announcement is received from some peer, the `In' filters - configured for that peer are applied to the announcement. These - filters can reject the announcement, accept it unmodified, or - accept it with some of its attributes modified. - - * The announcements that pass the `In' filters go into the Best Path - Selection process, where they are compared to other announcements - referred to the same destination that have been received from - different peers (in case such other announcements exist). For each - different destination, the announcement which is selected as the - best is inserted into the BGP speaker's Loc-RIB. - - * The routes which are inserted in the Loc-RIB are considered for - announcement to all the peers (except the one from which the route - came). This is done by passing the routes in the Loc-RIB through - the `Out' filters corresponding to each peer. These filters can - reject the route, accept it unmodified, or accept it with some of - its attributes modified. Those routes which are accepted by the - `Out' filters of a peer are announced to that peer. - - - _______________________________ - / _________ _________ \ -From Peer A --->|(A)-|Best | | |-[A]|--->To Peer A -From Peer B --->|(B)-|Path |-->|Local-RIB|-[B]|--->To Peer B -From Peer C --->|(C)-|Selection| | |-[C]|--->To Peer C -From Peer D --->|(D)-|_________| |_________|-[D]|--->To Peer D - \_______________________________/ - -Key: (X) - 'In' Filter applied to Peer X's announcements - [X] - 'Out' Filter applied to announcements to Peer X - -Figure 10.1: Announcement processing inside a "normal" BGP speaker - -(RF1)--(RF2) - | \ / | - | \/ | - | /\ | - | / \ | -(RF3)--(RF4) - -Figure 10.2: Full Mesh - -(RF1) (RF2) - \ / - [RS] - / \ -(RF3) (RF4) - -Figure 10.3: Route Server and clients - - Of course we want that the routing tables obtained in each of the -routers are the same when using the route server than when not. But as -a consequence of having a single BGP peering (against the route -server), the BGP speakers can no longer distinguish from/to which peer -each announce comes/goes. This means that the routers connected to the -route server are not able to apply by themselves the same input/output -filters as in the full mesh scenario, so they have to delegate those -functions to the route server. - - Even more, the "best path" selection must be also performed inside -the route server on behalf of its clients. The reason is that if, after -applying the filters of the announcer and the (potential) receiver, the -route server decides to send to some client two or more different -announcements referred to the same destination, the client will only -retain the last one, considering it as an implicit withdrawal of the -previous announcements for the same destination. This is the expected -behavior of a BGP speaker as defined in `RFC1771', and even though -there are some proposals of mechanisms that permit multiple paths for -the same destination to be sent through a single BGP peering, none are -currently supported by most existing BGP implementations. - - As a consequence a route server must maintain additional information -and perform additional tasks for a RS-client that those necessary for -common BGP peerings. Essentially a route server must: - - * Maintain a separated Routing Information Base (Loc-RIB) for each - peer configured as RS-client, containing the routes selected as a - result of the "Best Path Selection" process that is performed on - behalf of that RS-client. - - * Whenever it receives an announcement from a RS-client, it must - consider it for the Loc-RIBs of the other RS-clients. - - * This means that for each of them the route server must pass - the announcement through the appropriate `Out' filter of the - announcer. - - * Then through the appropriate `In' filter of the potential - receiver. - - * Only if the announcement is accepted by both filters it will - be passed to the "Best Path Selection" process. - - * Finally, it might go into the Loc-RIB of the receiver. - - When we talk about the "appropriate" filter, both the announcer and -the receiver of the route must be taken into account. Suppose that the -route server receives an announcement from client A, and the route -server is considering it for the Loc-RIB of client B. The filters that -should be applied are the same that would be used in the full mesh -scenario, i.e., first the `Out' filter of router A for announcements -going to router B, and then the `In' filter of router B for -announcements coming from router A. - - We call "Export Policy" of a RS-client to the set of `Out' filters -that the client would use if there was no route server. The same -applies for the "Import Policy" of a RS-client and the set of `In' -filters of the client if there was no route server. - - It is also common to demand from a route server that it does not -modify some BGP attributes (next-hop, as-path and MED) that are usually -modified by standard BGP speakers before announcing a route. - - The announcement processing model implemented by Quagga is shown in -*Note fig:rs-processing::. The figure shows a mixture of RS-clients (B, -C and D) with normal BGP peers (A). There are some details that worth -additional comments: - - * Announcements coming from a normal BGP peer are also considered - for the Loc-RIBs of all the RS-clients. But logically they do not - pass through any export policy. - - * Those peers that are configured as RS-clients do not receive any - announce from the `Main' Loc-RIB. - - * Apart from import and export policies, `In' and `Out' filters can - also be set for RS-clients. `In' filters might be useful when the - route server has also normal BGP peers. On the other hand, `Out' - filters for RS-clients are probably unnecessary, but we decided - not to remove them as they do not hurt anybody (they can always be - left empty). - - - | From RS-Client B - | | From RS-Client C - | | | From RS-Client D - | | | | - | | | | Main / Normal RIB - | | | | ________________________________ - | | | | / _________ _________ \\ - | | | +--->|(D)-|Best | | Main | | - | | +--|--->|(C)-|Path |-->|Local-RIB|->[A]|--->To Peer A - | +--|--|--->|(B)-|Selection| | | | - +--|--|--|--->|(A)-|_________| |_________| | - | | | | \\________________________________/ - | | | | - | | | | ________________________________ - | | | | / _________ _________ \\ - | | | +--->*D*->|{B}-|Best | |RS-Client| | - | | +--|--->*C*->|{B}-|Path |-->|Local-RIB|->[B]|--->To RS-Client B - | | | | | |Selection| | for B | | - +--|--|--|-------->|{B}-|_________| |_________| | - | | | | \\________________________________/ - | | | | - | | | | ________________________________ - | | | | / _________ _________ \\ - | | | +--->*D*->|{C}-|Best | |RS-Client| | - | | | | | |Path |-->|Local-RIB|->[C]|--->To RS-Client C - | +--|--|--->*B*->|{C}-|Selection| | for C | | - +--|--|--|-------->|{C}-|_________| |_________| | - | | | \\________________________________/ - | | | - | | | ________________________________ - | | | / _________ _________ \\ - | | | | |Best | |RS-Client| | - | | +------>*C*->|{D}-|Path |-->|Local-RIB|->[D]|--->To RS-Client D - | +--------->*B*->|{D}-|Selection| | for D | | - +----------------->|{D}-|_________| |_________| | - \\________________________________/ - - -Key: (X) - 'In' Filter applied to Peer X's announcements before - considering announcement for the normal main Local-RIB - [X] - 'Out' Filter applied to announcements to Peer X - *X* - 'Export' Filter of RS-Client X, to apply X's policies - before its routes may be considered for other RS-Clients - RIBs. - {X} - 'Import' Filter of RS-Client X, to apply X's policies - on routes before allowing them into X's RIB. -" - -Figure 10.4: Announcement processing model implemented by the Route Server - - -File: quagga.info, Node: Commands for configuring a Route Server, Next: Example of Route Server Configuration, Prev: Description of the Route Server model, Up: Configuring Quagga as a Route Server - -10.2 Commands for configuring a Route Server -============================================ - -Now we will describe the commands that have been added to quagga in -order to support the route server features. - - -- Route-Server: neighbor PEER-GROUP route-server-client - -- Route-Server: neighbor A.B.C.D route-server-client - -- Route-Server: neighbor X:X::X:X route-server-client - This command configures the peer given by PEER, A.B.C.D or - X:X::X:X as an RS-client. - - Actually this command is not new, it already existed in standard - Quagga. It enables the transparent mode for the specified peer. - This means that some BGP attributes (as-path, next-hop and MED) of - the routes announced to that peer are not modified. - - With the route server patch, this command, apart from setting the - transparent mode, creates a new Loc-RIB dedicated to the specified - peer (those named `Loc-RIB for X' in *Note Figure 10.4: - fig:rs-processing.). Starting from that moment, every announcement - received by the route server will be also considered for the new - Loc-RIB. - - -- Route-Server: neigbor {A.B.C.D|X.X::X.X|peer-group} route-map WORD -{import|export} - This set of commands can be used to specify the route-map that - represents the Import or Export policy of a peer which is - configured as a RS-client (with the previous command). - - -- Route-Server: match peer {A.B.C.D|X:X::X:X} - This is a new _match_ statement for use in route-maps, enabling - them to describe import/export policies. As we said before, an - import/export policy represents a set of input/output filters of - the RS-client. This statement makes possible that a single - route-map represents the full set of filters that a BGP speaker - would use for its different peers in a non-RS scenario. - - The _match peer_ statement has different semantics whether it is - used inside an import or an export route-map. In the first case - the statement matches if the address of the peer who sends the - announce is the same that the address specified by - {A.B.C.D|X:X::X:X}. For export route-maps it matches when - {A.B.C.D|X:X::X:X} is the address of the RS-Client into whose - Loc-RIB the announce is going to be inserted (how the same export - policy is applied before different Loc-RIBs is shown in *Note - Figure 10.4: fig:rs-processing.). - - -- Route-map Command: call WORD - This command (also used inside a route-map) jumps into a different - route-map, whose name is specified by WORD. When the called - route-map finishes, depending on its result the original route-map - continues or not. Apart from being useful for making import/export - route-maps easier to write, this command can also be used inside - any normal (in or out) route-map. - - -File: quagga.info, Node: Example of Route Server Configuration, Prev: Commands for configuring a Route Server, Up: Configuring Quagga as a Route Server - -10.3 Example of Route Server Configuration -========================================== - -Finally we are going to show how to configure a Quagga daemon to act as -a Route Server. For this purpose we are going to present a scenario -without route server, and then we will show how to use the -configurations of the BGP routers to generate the configuration of the -route server. - - All the configuration files shown in this section have been taken -from scenarios which were tested using the VNUML tool VNUML -(http://www.dit.upm.es/vnuml). - -* Menu: - -* Configuration of the BGP routers without Route Server:: -* Configuration of the BGP routers with Route Server:: -* Configuration of the Route Server itself:: -* Further considerations about Import and Export route-maps:: - - -File: quagga.info, Node: Configuration of the BGP routers without Route Server, Next: Configuration of the BGP routers with Route Server, Up: Example of Route Server Configuration - -10.3.1 Configuration of the BGP routers without Route Server ------------------------------------------------------------- - -We will suppose that our initial scenario is an exchange point with -three BGP capable routers, named RA, RB and RC. Each of the BGP -speakers generates some routes (with the NETWORK command), and -establishes BGP peerings against the other two routers. These peerings -have In and Out route-maps configured, named like "PEER-X-IN" or -"PEER-X-OUT". For example the configuration file for router RA could be -the following: - - #Configuration for router 'RA' - ! - hostname RA - password **** - ! - router bgp 65001 - no bgp default ipv4-unicast - neighbor 2001:0DB8::B remote-as 65002 - neighbor 2001:0DB8::C remote-as 65003 - ! - address-family ipv6 - network 2001:0DB8:AAAA:1::/64 - network 2001:0DB8:AAAA:2::/64 - network 2001:0DB8:0000:1::/64 - network 2001:0DB8:0000:2::/64 - - neighbor 2001:0DB8::B activate - neighbor 2001:0DB8::B soft-reconfiguration inbound - neighbor 2001:0DB8::B route-map PEER-B-IN in - neighbor 2001:0DB8::B route-map PEER-B-OUT out - - neighbor 2001:0DB8::C activate - neighbor 2001:0DB8::C soft-reconfiguration inbound - neighbor 2001:0DB8::C route-map PEER-C-IN in - neighbor 2001:0DB8::C route-map PEER-C-OUT out - exit-address-family - ! - ipv6 prefix-list COMMON-PREFIXES seq 5 permit 2001:0DB8:0000::/48 ge 64 le 64 - ipv6 prefix-list COMMON-PREFIXES seq 10 deny any - ! - ipv6 prefix-list PEER-A-PREFIXES seq 5 permit 2001:0DB8:AAAA::/48 ge 64 le 64 - ipv6 prefix-list PEER-A-PREFIXES seq 10 deny any - ! - ipv6 prefix-list PEER-B-PREFIXES seq 5 permit 2001:0DB8:BBBB::/48 ge 64 le 64 - ipv6 prefix-list PEER-B-PREFIXES seq 10 deny any - ! - ipv6 prefix-list PEER-C-PREFIXES seq 5 permit 2001:0DB8:CCCC::/48 ge 64 le 64 - ipv6 prefix-list PEER-C-PREFIXES seq 10 deny any - ! - route-map PEER-B-IN permit 10 - match ipv6 address prefix-list COMMON-PREFIXES - set metric 100 - route-map PEER-B-IN permit 20 - match ipv6 address prefix-list PEER-B-PREFIXES - set community 65001:11111 - ! - route-map PEER-C-IN permit 10 - match ipv6 address prefix-list COMMON-PREFIXES - set metric 200 - route-map PEER-C-IN permit 20 - match ipv6 address prefix-list PEER-C-PREFIXES - set community 65001:22222 - ! - route-map PEER-B-OUT permit 10 - match ipv6 address prefix-list PEER-A-PREFIXES - ! - route-map PEER-C-OUT permit 10 - match ipv6 address prefix-list PEER-A-PREFIXES - ! - line vty - ! - - -File: quagga.info, Node: Configuration of the BGP routers with Route Server, Next: Configuration of the Route Server itself, Prev: Configuration of the BGP routers without Route Server, Up: Example of Route Server Configuration - -10.3.2 Configuration of the BGP routers with Route Server ---------------------------------------------------------- - -To convert the initial scenario into one with route server, first we -must modify the configuration of routers RA, RB and RC. Now they must -not peer between them, but only with the route server. For example, RA's -configuration would turn into: - - # Configuration for router 'RA' - ! - hostname RA - password **** - ! - router bgp 65001 - no bgp default ipv4-unicast - neighbor 2001:0DB8::FFFF remote-as 65000 - ! - address-family ipv6 - network 2001:0DB8:AAAA:1::/64 - network 2001:0DB8:AAAA:2::/64 - network 2001:0DB8:0000:1::/64 - network 2001:0DB8:0000:2::/64 - - neighbor 2001:0DB8::FFFF activate - neighbor 2001:0DB8::FFFF soft-reconfiguration inbound - exit-address-family - ! - line vty - ! - - Which is logically much simpler than its initial configuration, as -it now maintains only one BGP peering and all the filters (route-maps) -have disappeared. - - -File: quagga.info, Node: Configuration of the Route Server itself, Next: Further considerations about Import and Export route-maps, Prev: Configuration of the BGP routers with Route Server, Up: Example of Route Server Configuration - -10.3.3 Configuration of the Route Server itself ------------------------------------------------ - -As we said when we described the functions of a route server (*note -Description of the Route Server model::), it is in charge of all the -route filtering. To achieve that, the In and Out filters from the RA, -RB and RC configurations must be converted into Import and Export -policies in the route server. - - This is a fragment of the route server configuration (we only show -the policies for client RA): - - # Configuration for Route Server ('RS') - ! - hostname RS - password ix - ! - bgp multiple-instance - ! - router bgp 65000 view RS - no bgp default ipv4-unicast - neighbor 2001:0DB8::A remote-as 65001 - neighbor 2001:0DB8::B remote-as 65002 - neighbor 2001:0DB8::C remote-as 65003 - ! - address-family ipv6 - neighbor 2001:0DB8::A activate - neighbor 2001:0DB8::A route-server-client - neighbor 2001:0DB8::A route-map RSCLIENT-A-IMPORT import - neighbor 2001:0DB8::A route-map RSCLIENT-A-EXPORT export - neighbor 2001:0DB8::A soft-reconfiguration inbound - - neighbor 2001:0DB8::B activate - neighbor 2001:0DB8::B route-server-client - neighbor 2001:0DB8::B route-map RSCLIENT-B-IMPORT import - neighbor 2001:0DB8::B route-map RSCLIENT-B-EXPORT export - neighbor 2001:0DB8::B soft-reconfiguration inbound - - neighbor 2001:0DB8::C activate - neighbor 2001:0DB8::C route-server-client - neighbor 2001:0DB8::C route-map RSCLIENT-C-IMPORT import - neighbor 2001:0DB8::C route-map RSCLIENT-C-EXPORT export - neighbor 2001:0DB8::C soft-reconfiguration inbound - exit-address-family - ! - ipv6 prefix-list COMMON-PREFIXES seq 5 permit 2001:0DB8:0000::/48 ge 64 le 64 - ipv6 prefix-list COMMON-PREFIXES seq 10 deny any - ! - ipv6 prefix-list PEER-A-PREFIXES seq 5 permit 2001:0DB8:AAAA::/48 ge 64 le 64 - ipv6 prefix-list PEER-A-PREFIXES seq 10 deny any - ! - ipv6 prefix-list PEER-B-PREFIXES seq 5 permit 2001:0DB8:BBBB::/48 ge 64 le 64 - ipv6 prefix-list PEER-B-PREFIXES seq 10 deny any - ! - ipv6 prefix-list PEER-C-PREFIXES seq 5 permit 2001:0DB8:CCCC::/48 ge 64 le 64 - ipv6 prefix-list PEER-C-PREFIXES seq 10 deny any - ! - route-map RSCLIENT-A-IMPORT permit 10 - match peer 2001:0DB8::B - call A-IMPORT-FROM-B - route-map RSCLIENT-A-IMPORT permit 20 - match peer 2001:0DB8::C - call A-IMPORT-FROM-C - ! - route-map A-IMPORT-FROM-B permit 10 - match ipv6 address prefix-list COMMON-PREFIXES - set metric 100 - route-map A-IMPORT-FROM-B permit 20 - match ipv6 address prefix-list PEER-B-PREFIXES - set community 65001:11111 - ! - route-map A-IMPORT-FROM-C permit 10 - match ipv6 address prefix-list COMMON-PREFIXES - set metric 200 - route-map A-IMPORT-FROM-C permit 20 - match ipv6 address prefix-list PEER-C-PREFIXES - set community 65001:22222 - ! - route-map RSCLIENT-A-EXPORT permit 10 - match peer 2001:0DB8::B - match ipv6 address prefix-list PEER-A-PREFIXES - route-map RSCLIENT-A-EXPORT permit 20 - match peer 2001:0DB8::C - match ipv6 address prefix-list PEER-A-PREFIXES - ! - ... - ... - ... - - If you compare the initial configuration of RA with the route server -configuration above, you can see how easy it is to generate the Import -and Export policies for RA from the In and Out route-maps of RA's -original configuration. - - When there was no route server, RA maintained two peerings, one with -RB and another with RC. Each of this peerings had an In route-map -configured. To build the Import route-map for client RA in the route -server, simply add route-map entries following this scheme: - - route-map <NAME> permit 10 - match peer <Peer Address> - call <In Route-Map for this Peer> - route-map <NAME> permit 20 - match peer <Another Peer Address> - call <In Route-Map for this Peer> - - This is exactly the process that has been followed to generate the -route-map RSCLIENT-A-IMPORT. The route-maps that are called inside it -(A-IMPORT-FROM-B and A-IMPORT-FROM-C) are exactly the same than the In -route-maps from the original configuration of RA (PEER-B-IN and -PEER-C-IN), only the name is different. - - The same could have been done to create the Export policy for RA -(route-map RSCLIENT-A-EXPORT), but in this case the original Out -route-maps where so simple that we decided not to use the CALL WORD -commands, and we integrated all in a single route-map -(RSCLIENT-A-EXPORT). - - The Import and Export policies for RB and RC are not shown, but the -process would be identical. - - -File: quagga.info, Node: Further considerations about Import and Export route-maps, Prev: Configuration of the Route Server itself, Up: Example of Route Server Configuration - -10.3.4 Further considerations about Import and Export route-maps ----------------------------------------------------------------- - -The current version of the route server patch only allows to specify a -route-map for import and export policies, while in a standard BGP -speaker apart from route-maps there are other tools for performing -input and output filtering (access-lists, community-lists, ...). But -this does not represent any limitation, as all kinds of filters can be -included in import/export route-maps. For example suppose that in the -non-route-server scenario peer RA had the following filters configured -for input from peer B: - - neighbor 2001:0DB8::B prefix-list LIST-1 in - neighbor 2001:0DB8::B filter-list LIST-2 in - neighbor 2001:0DB8::B route-map PEER-B-IN in - ... - ... - route-map PEER-B-IN permit 10 - match ipv6 address prefix-list COMMON-PREFIXES - set local-preference 100 - route-map PEER-B-IN permit 20 - match ipv6 address prefix-list PEER-B-PREFIXES - set community 65001:11111 - - It is posible to write a single route-map which is equivalent to the -three filters (the community-list, the prefix-list and the route-map). -That route-map can then be used inside the Import policy in the route -server. Lets see how to do it: - - neighbor 2001:0DB8::A route-map RSCLIENT-A-IMPORT import - ... - ! - ... - route-map RSCLIENT-A-IMPORT permit 10 - match peer 2001:0DB8::B - call A-IMPORT-FROM-B - ... - ... - ! - route-map A-IMPORT-FROM-B permit 1 - match ipv6 address prefix-list LIST-1 - match as-path LIST-2 - on-match goto 10 - route-map A-IMPORT-FROM-B deny 2 - route-map A-IMPORT-FROM-B permit 10 - match ipv6 address prefix-list COMMON-PREFIXES - set local-preference 100 - route-map A-IMPORT-FROM-B permit 20 - match ipv6 address prefix-list PEER-B-PREFIXES - set community 65001:11111 - ! - ... - ... - - The route-map A-IMPORT-FROM-B is equivalent to the three filters -(LIST-1, LIST-2 and PEER-B-IN). The first entry of route-map -A-IMPORT-FROM-B (sequence number 1) matches if and only if both the -prefix-list LIST-1 and the filter-list LIST-2 match. If that happens, -due to the "on-match goto 10" statement the next route-map entry to be -processed will be number 10, and as of that point route-map -A-IMPORT-FROM-B is identical to PEER-B-IN. If the first entry does not -match, `on-match goto 10" will be ignored and the next processed entry -will be number 2, which will deny the route. - - Thus, the result is the same that with the three original filters, -i.e., if either LIST-1 or LIST-2 rejects the route, it does not reach -the route-map PEER-B-IN. In case both LIST-1 and LIST-2 accept the -route, it passes to PEER-B-IN, which can reject, accept or modify the -route. - - -File: quagga.info, Node: VTY shell, Next: Filtering, Prev: Configuring Quagga as a Route Server, Up: Top - -11 VTY shell -************ - -`vtysh' is integrated shell of Quagga software. - - To use vtysh please specify --enable-vtysh to configure script. To -use PAM for authentication use --with-libpam option to configure script. - - vtysh only searches /etc/quagga path for vtysh.conf which is the -vtysh configuration file. Vtysh does not search current directory for -configuration file because the file includes user authentication -settings. - - Currently, vtysh.conf has only two commands. - -* Menu: - -* VTY shell username:: -* VTY shell integrated configuration:: - - -File: quagga.info, Node: VTY shell username, Next: VTY shell integrated configuration, Up: VTY shell - -11.1 VTY shell username -======================= - - -- Command: username USERNAME nopassword - With this set, user foo does not need password authentication for - user vtysh. With PAM vtysh uses PAM authentication mechanism. - - If vtysh is compiled without PAM authentication, every user can - use vtysh without authentication. vtysh requires read/write - permission to the various daemons vty sockets, this can be - accomplished through use of unix groups and the -enable-vty-group - configure option. - - - -File: quagga.info, Node: VTY shell integrated configuration, Prev: VTY shell username, Up: VTY shell - -11.2 VTY shell integrated configuration -======================================= - - -- Command: service integrated-vtysh-config - Write out integrated Quagga.conf file when 'write file' is issued. - - This command controls the behaviour of vtysh when it is told to - write out the configuration. Per default, vtysh will instruct - each daemon to write out their own config files when `write file' - is issued. However, if `service integrated-vtysh-config' is set, - when `write file' is issued, vtysh will instruct the daemons will - write out a Quagga.conf with all daemons' commands integrated into - it. - - Vtysh per default behaves as if `write-conf daemon' is set. Note - that both may be set at same time if one wishes to have both - Quagga.conf and daemon specific files written out. Further, note - that the daemons are hard-coded to first look for the integrated - Quagga.conf file before looking for their own file. - - We recommend you do not mix the use of the two types of files. - Further, it is better not to use the integrated Quagga.conf file, - as any syntax error in it can lead to /all/ of your daemons being - unable to start up. Per daemon files are more robust as impact of - errors in configuration are limited to the daemon in whose file - the error is made. - - - -File: quagga.info, Node: Filtering, Next: Route Map, Prev: VTY shell, Up: Top - -12 Filtering -************ - -Quagga provides many very flexible filtering features. Filtering is -used for both input and output of the routing information. Once -filtering is defined, it can be applied in any direction. - -* Menu: - -* IP Access List:: -* IP Prefix List:: - - -File: quagga.info, Node: IP Access List, Next: IP Prefix List, Up: Filtering - -12.1 IP Access List -=================== - - -- Command: access-list NAME permit IPV4-NETWORK - -- Command: access-list NAME deny IPV4-NETWORK - - Basic filtering is done by `access-list' as shown in the following -example. - - access-list filter deny 10.0.0.0/9 - access-list filter permit 10.0.0.0/8 - - -File: quagga.info, Node: IP Prefix List, Prev: IP Access List, Up: Filtering - -12.2 IP Prefix List -=================== - -`ip prefix-list' provides the most powerful prefix based filtering -mechanism. In addition to `access-list' functionality, `ip -prefix-list' has prefix length range specification and sequential -number specification. You can add or delete prefix based filters to -arbitrary points of prefix-list using sequential number specification. - - If no ip prefix-list is specified, it acts as permit. If `ip -prefix-list' is defined, and no match is found, default deny is applied. - - -- Command: ip prefix-list NAME (permit|deny) PREFIX [le LEN] [ge LEN] - -- Command: ip prefix-list NAME seq NUMBER (permit|deny) PREFIX [le -LEN] [ge LEN] - You can create `ip prefix-list' using above commands. - - seq - seq NUMBER can be set either automatically or manually. In - the case that sequential numbers are set manually, the user - may pick any number less than 4294967295. In the case that - sequential number are set automatically, the sequential - number will increase by a unit of five (5) per list. If a - list with no specified sequential number is created after a - list with a specified sequential number, the list will - automatically pick the next multiple of five (5) as the list - number. For example, if a list with number 2 already exists - and a new list with no specified number is created, the next - list will be numbered 5. If lists 2 and 7 already exist and - a new list with no specified number is created, the new list - will be numbered 10. - - le - `le' command specifies prefix length. The prefix list will be - applied if the prefix length is less than or equal to the le - prefix length. - - ge - `ge' command specifies prefix length. The prefix list will be - applied if the prefix length is greater than or equal to the - ge prefix length. - - - - Less than or equal to prefix numbers and greater than or equal to -prefix numbers can be used together. The order of the le and ge -commands does not matter. - - If a prefix list with a different sequential number but with the -exact same rules as a previous list is created, an error will result. -However, in the case that the sequential number and the rules are -exactly similar, no error will result. - - If a list with the same sequential number as a previous list is -created, the new list will overwrite the old list. - - Matching of IP Prefix is performed from the smaller sequential -number to the larger. The matching will stop once any rule has been -applied. - - In the case of no le or ge command, the prefix length must match -exactly the length specified in the prefix list. - - -- Command: no ip prefix-list NAME - -* Menu: - -* ip prefix-list description:: -* ip prefix-list sequential number control:: -* Showing ip prefix-list:: -* Clear counter of ip prefix-list:: - - -File: quagga.info, Node: ip prefix-list description, Next: ip prefix-list sequential number control, Up: IP Prefix List - -12.2.1 ip prefix-list description ---------------------------------- - - -- Command: ip prefix-list NAME description DESC - Descriptions may be added to prefix lists. This command adds a - description to the prefix list. - - -- Command: no ip prefix-list NAME description [DESC] - Deletes the description from a prefix list. It is possible to use - the command without the full description. - - -File: quagga.info, Node: ip prefix-list sequential number control, Next: Showing ip prefix-list, Prev: ip prefix-list description, Up: IP Prefix List - -12.2.2 ip prefix-list sequential number control ------------------------------------------------ - - -- Command: ip prefix-list sequence-number - With this command, the IP prefix list sequential number is - displayed. This is the default behavior. - - -- Command: no ip prefix-list sequence-number - With this command, the IP prefix list sequential number is not - displayed. - - -File: quagga.info, Node: Showing ip prefix-list, Next: Clear counter of ip prefix-list, Prev: ip prefix-list sequential number control, Up: IP Prefix List - -12.2.3 Showing ip prefix-list ------------------------------ - - -- Command: show ip prefix-list - Display all IP prefix lists. - - -- Command: show ip prefix-list NAME - Show IP prefix list can be used with a prefix list name. - - -- Command: show ip prefix-list NAME seq NUM - Show IP prefix list can be used with a prefix list name and - sequential number. - - -- Command: show ip prefix-list NAME A.B.C.D/M - If the command longer is used, all prefix lists with prefix - lengths equal to or longer than the specified length will be - displayed. If the command first match is used, the first prefix - length match will be displayed. - - -- Command: show ip prefix-list NAME A.B.C.D/M longer - - -- Command: show ip prefix-list NAME A.B.C.D/M first-match - - -- Command: show ip prefix-list summary - - -- Command: show ip prefix-list summary NAME - - -- Command: show ip prefix-list detail - - -- Command: show ip prefix-list detail NAME - - -File: quagga.info, Node: Clear counter of ip prefix-list, Prev: Showing ip prefix-list, Up: IP Prefix List - -12.2.4 Clear counter of ip prefix-list --------------------------------------- - - -- Command: clear ip prefix-list - Clears the counters of all IP prefix lists. Clear IP Prefix List - can be used with a specified name and prefix. - - -- Command: clear ip prefix-list NAME - - -- Command: clear ip prefix-list NAME A.B.C.D/M - - -File: quagga.info, Node: Route Map, Next: IPv6 Support, Prev: Filtering, Up: Top - -13 Route Map -************ - -Route maps provide a means to both filter and/or apply actions to -route, hence allowing policy to be applied to routes. - -* Menu: - -* Route Map Command:: -* Route Map Match Command:: -* Route Map Set Command:: -* Route Map Call Command:: -* Route Map Exit Action Command:: -* Route Map Examples:: - - Route-maps are an ordered list of route-map entries. Each entry may -specify up to four distincts sets of clauses: - -`Matching Policy' - This specifies the policy implied if the `Matching Conditions' are - met or not met, and which actions of the route-map are to be - taken, if any. The two possibilities are: - - - `permit': If the entry matches, then carry out the `Set - Actions'. Then finish processing the route-map, permitting - the route, unless an `Exit Action' indicates otherwise. - - - `deny': If the entry matches, then finish processing the - route-map and deny the route (return `deny'). - - The `Matching Policy' is specified as part of the command which - defines the ordered entry in the route-map. See below. - -`Matching Conditions' - A route-map entry may, optionally, specify one or more conditions - which must be matched if the entry is to be considered further, as - governed by the Match Policy. If a route-map entry does not - explicitely specify any matching conditions, then it always - matches. - -`Set Actions' - A route-map entry may, optionally, specify one or more `Set - Actions' to set or modify attributes of the route. - -`Call Action' - Call to another route-map, after any `Set Actions' have been - carried out. If the route-map called returns `deny' then - processing of the route-map finishes and the route is denied, - regardless of the `Matching Policy' or the `Exit Policy'. If the - called route-map returns `permit', then `Matching Policy' and - `Exit Policy' govern further behaviour, as normal. - -`Exit Policy' - An entry may, optionally, specify an alternative `Exit Policy' to - take if the entry matched, rather than the normal policy of - exiting the route-map and permitting the route. The two - possibilities are: - - - `next': Continue on with processing of the route-map entries. - - - `goto N': Jump ahead to the first route-map entry whose order - in the route-map is >= N. Jumping to a previous entry is not - permitted. - - The default action of a route-map, if no entries match, is to deny. -I.e. a route-map essentially has as its last entry an empty `deny' -entry, which matches all routes. To change this behaviour, one must -specify an empty `permit' entry as the last entry in the route-map. - - To summarise the above: - - Match No Match ------------------------------ -_Permit_ action cont -_Deny_ deny cont - -`action' - - Apply _set_ statements - - - If _call_ is present, call given route-map. If that returns a - `deny', finish processing and return `deny'. - - - If `Exit Policy' is _next_, goto next route-map entry - - - If `Exit Policy' is _goto_, goto first entry whose order in - the list is >= the given order. - - - Finish processing the route-map and permit the route. - -`deny' - - The route is denied by the route-map (return `deny'). - -`cont' - - goto next route-map entry - - -File: quagga.info, Node: Route Map Command, Next: Route Map Match Command, Up: Route Map - -13.1 Route Map Command -====================== - - -- Command: route-map ROUTE-MAP-NAME (permit|deny) ORDER - Configure the ORDER'th entry in ROUTE-MAP-NAME with `Match Policy' - of either _permit_ or _deny_. - - - -File: quagga.info, Node: Route Map Match Command, Next: Route Map Set Command, Prev: Route Map Command, Up: Route Map - -13.2 Route Map Match Command -============================ - - -- Route-map Command: match ip address ACCESS_LIST - Matches the specified ACCESS_LIST - - -- Route-map Command: match ip next-hop IPV4_ADDR - Matches the specified IPV4_ADDR. - - -- Route-map Command: match aspath AS_PATH - Matches the specified AS_PATH. - - -- Route-map Command: match metric METRIC - Matches the specified METRIC. - - -- Route-map Command: match community COMMUNITY_LIST - Matches the specified COMMUNITY_LIST - - -File: quagga.info, Node: Route Map Set Command, Next: Route Map Call Command, Prev: Route Map Match Command, Up: Route Map - -13.3 Route Map Set Command -========================== - - -- Route-map Command: set ip next-hop IPV4_ADDRESS - Set the BGP nexthop address. - - -- Route-map Command: set local-preference LOCAL_PREF - Set the BGP local preference. - - -- Route-map Command: set weight WEIGHT - Set the route's weight. - - -- Route-map Command: set metric METRIC - Set the BGP attribute MED. - - -- Route-map Command: set as-path prepend AS_PATH - Set the BGP AS path to prepend. - - -- Route-map Command: set community COMMUNITY - Set the BGP community attribute. - - -- Route-map Command: set ipv6 next-hop global IPV6_ADDRESS - Set the BGP-4+ global IPv6 nexthop address. - - -- Route-map Command: set ipv6 next-hop local IPV6_ADDRESS - Set the BGP-4+ link local IPv6 nexthop address. - - -File: quagga.info, Node: Route Map Call Command, Next: Route Map Exit Action Command, Prev: Route Map Set Command, Up: Route Map - -13.4 Route Map Call Command -=========================== - - -- Route-map Command: call NAME - Call route-map NAME. If it returns deny, deny the route and finish - processing the route-map. - - -File: quagga.info, Node: Route Map Exit Action Command, Next: Route Map Examples, Prev: Route Map Call Command, Up: Route Map - -13.5 Route Map Exit Action Command -================================== - - -- Route-map Command: on-match next - -- Route-map Command: continue - Proceed on to the next entry in the route-map. - - -- Route-map Command: on-match goto N - -- Route-map Command: continue N - Proceed processing the route-map at the first entry whose order is - >= N - - -File: quagga.info, Node: Route Map Examples, Prev: Route Map Exit Action Command, Up: Route Map - -13.6 Route Map Examples -======================= - -A simple example of a route-map: - - route-map test permit 10 - match ip address 10 - set local-preference 200 - - This means that if a route matches ip access-list number 10 it's -local-preference value is set to 200. - - See *Note BGP Configuration Examples:: for examples of more -sophisticated useage of route-maps, including of the `call' action. - - -File: quagga.info, Node: IPv6 Support, Next: Kernel Interface, Prev: Route Map, Up: Top - -14 IPv6 Support -*************** - -Quagga fully supports IPv6 routing. As described so far, Quagga -supports RIPng, OSPFv3 and BGP-4+. You can give IPv6 addresses to an -interface and configure static IPv6 routing information. Quagga IPv6 -also provides automatic address configuration via a feature called -`address auto configuration'. To do it, the router must send router -advertisement messages to the all nodes that exist on the network. - -* Menu: - -* Router Advertisement:: - - -File: quagga.info, Node: Router Advertisement, Up: IPv6 Support - -14.1 Router Advertisement -========================= - - -- Interface Command: no ipv6 nd suppress-ra - Send router advertisment messages. - - -- Interface Command: ipv6 nd suppress-ra - Don't send router advertisment messages. - - -- Interface Command: ipv6 nd prefix IPV6PREFIX [VALID-LIFETIME] -[PREFERRED-LIFETIME] [off-link] [no-autoconfig] [router-address] - Configuring the IPv6 prefix to include in router advertisements. - Several prefix specific optional parameters and flags may follow: - * VALID-LIFETIME - the length of time in seconds during what - the prefix is valid for the purpose of on-link determination. - Value INFINITE represents infinity (i.e. a value of all one - bits (`0xffffffff')). - - Range: `<0-4294967295>' Default: `2592000' - - * PREFERRED-LIFETIME - the length of time in seconds during - what addresses generated from the prefix remain preferred. - Value INFINITE represents infinity. - - Range: `<0-4294967295>' Default: `604800' - - * OFF-LINK - indicates that advertisement makes no statement - about on-link or off-link properties of the prefix. - - Default: not set, i.e. this prefix can be used for on-link - determination. - - * NO-AUTOCONFIG - indicates to hosts on the local link that the - specified prefix cannot be used for IPv6 autoconfiguration. - - Default: not set, i.e. prefix can be used for - autoconfiguration. - - * ROUTER-ADDRESS - indicates to hosts on the local link that - the specified prefix contains a complete IP address by - setting R flag. - - Default: not set, i.e. hosts do not assume a complete IP - address is placed. - - -- Interface Command: ipv6 nd ra-interval SECONDS - -- Interface Command: no ipv6 nd ra-interval - The maximum time allowed between sending unsolicited multicast - router advertisements from the interface, in seconds. Must be no - less than 3 seconds. - - Default: `600' - - -- Interface Command: ipv6 nd ra-interval msec MILLISECONDS - -- Interface Command: no ipv6 nd ra-interval msec - The maximum time allowed between sending unsolicited multicast - router advertisements from the interface, in milliseconds. Must be - no less than 30 milliseconds. - - Default: `600000' - - -- Interface Command: ipv6 nd ra-lifetime SECONDS - -- Interface Command: no ipv6 nd ra-lifetime - The value to be placed in the Router Lifetime field of router - advertisements sent from the interface, in seconds. Indicates the - usefulness of the router as a default router on this interface. - Setting the value to zero indicates that the router should not be - considered a default router on this interface. Must be either - zero or between value specified with IPV6 ND RA-INTERVAL (or - default) and 9000 seconds. - - Default: `1800' - - -- Interface Command: ipv6 nd reachable-time MILLISECONDS - -- Interface Command: no ipv6 nd reachable-time - The value to be placed in the Reachable Time field in the Router - Advertisement messages sent by the router, in milliseconds. The - configured time enables the router to detect unavailable - neighbors. The value zero means unspecified (by this router). Must - be no greater than `3,600,000' milliseconds (1 hour). - - Default: `0' - - -- Interface Command: ipv6 nd managed-config-flag - -- Interface Command: no ipv6 nd managed-config-flag - Set/unset flag in IPv6 router advertisements which indicates to - hosts that they should use managed (stateful) protocol for - addresses autoconfiguration in addition to any addresses - autoconfigured using stateless address autoconfiguration. - - Default: not set - - -- Interface Command: ipv6 nd other-config-flag - -- Interface Command: no ipv6 nd other-config-flag - Set/unset flag in IPv6 router advertisements which indicates to - hosts that they should use administered (stateful) protocol to - obtain autoconfiguration information other than addresses. - - Default: not set - - -- Interface Command: ipv6 nd home-agent-config-flag - -- Interface Command: no ipv6 nd home-agent-config-flag - Set/unset flag in IPv6 router advertisements which indicates to - hosts that the router acts as a Home Agent and includes a Home - Agent Option. - - Default: not set - - -- Interface Command: ipv6 nd home-agent-preference - -- Interface Command: no ipv6 nd home-agent-preference - The value to be placed in Home Agent Option, when Home Agent - config flag is set, which indicates to hosts Home Agent preference. - - Default: 0 - - -- Interface Command: ipv6 nd home-agent-lifetime - -- Interface Command: no ipv6 nd home-agent-lifetime - The value to be placed in Home Agent Option, when Home Agent - config flag is set, which indicates to hosts Home Agent Lifetime. - A value of 0 means to place Router Lifetime value. - - Default: 0 - - -- Interface Command: ipv6 nd adv-interval-option - -- Interface Command: no ipv6 nd adv-interval-option - Include an Advertisement Interval option which indicates to hosts - the maximum time, in milliseconds, between successive unsolicited - Router Advertisements. - - Default: not set - - interface eth0 - no ipv6 nd suppress-ra - ipv6 nd prefix 2001:0DB8:5009::/64 - - For more information see `RFC2462 (IPv6 Stateless Address -Autoconfiguration)' , `RFC2461 (Neighbor Discovery for IP Version 6 -(IPv6))' and `RFC3775 (Mobility Support in IPv6 (Mobile IPv6))'. - - -File: quagga.info, Node: Kernel Interface, Next: SNMP Support, Prev: IPv6 Support, Up: Top - -15 Kernel Interface -******************* - -There are several different methods for reading kernel routing table -information, updating kernel routing tables, and for looking up -interfaces. - -`ioctl' - The `ioctl' method is a very traditional way for reading or writing - kernel information. `ioctl' can be used for looking up interfaces - and for modifying interface addresses, flags, mtu settings and - other types of information. Also, `ioctl' can insert and delete - kernel routing table entries. It will soon be available on almost - any platform which zebra supports, but it is a little bit ugly - thus far, so if a better method is supported by the kernel, zebra - will use that. - -`sysctl' - `sysctl' can lookup kernel information using MIB (Management - Information Base) syntax. Normally, it only provides a way of - getting information from the kernel. So one would usually want to - change kernel information using another method such as `ioctl'. - -`proc filesystem' - `proc filesystem' provides an easy way of getting kernel - information. - -`routing socket' - -`netlink' - On recent Linux kernels (2.0.x and 2.2.x), there is a kernel/user - communication support called `netlink'. It makes asynchronous - communication between kernel and Quagga possible, similar to a - routing socket on BSD systems. - - Before you use this feature, be sure to select (in kernel - configuration) the kernel/netlink support option 'Kernel/User - network link driver' and 'Routing messages'. - - Today, the /dev/route special device file is obsolete. Netlink - communication is done by reading/writing over netlink socket. - - After the kernel configuration, please reconfigure and rebuild - Quagga. You can use netlink as a dynamic routing update channel - between Quagga and the kernel. - - -File: quagga.info, Node: SNMP Support, Next: Zebra Protocol, Prev: Kernel Interface, Up: Top - -16 SNMP Support -*************** - -SNMP (Simple Network Managing Protocol) is a widely implemented feature -for collecting network information from router and/or host. Quagga -itself does not support SNMP agent (server daemon) functionality but is -able to connect to a SNMP agent using the SMUX protocol (`RFC1227') and -make the routing protocol MIBs available through it. - -* Menu: - -* Getting and installing an SNMP agent:: -* SMUX configuration:: -* MIB and command reference:: -* Handling SNMP Traps:: - - -File: quagga.info, Node: Getting and installing an SNMP agent, Next: SMUX configuration, Up: SNMP Support - -16.1 Getting and installing an SNMP agent -========================================= - -There are several SNMP agent which support SMUX. We recommend to use -the latest version of `net-snmp' which was formerly known as `ucd-snmp'. -It is free and open software and available at `http://www.net-snmp.org/' -and as binary package for most Linux distributions. `net-snmp' has to -be compiled with `--with-mib-modules=smux' to be able to accept -connections from Quagga. - - -File: quagga.info, Node: SMUX configuration, Next: MIB and command reference, Prev: Getting and installing an SNMP agent, Up: SNMP Support - -16.2 SMUX configuration -======================= - -To enable SMUX protocol support, Quagga must have been build with the -`--enable-snmp' option. - - A separate connection has then to be established between between the -SNMP agent (snmpd) and each of the Quagga daemons. This connections -each use different OID numbers and passwords. Be aware that this OID -number is not the one that is used in queries by clients, it is solely -used for the intercommunication of the daemons. - - In the following example the ospfd daemon will be connected to the -snmpd daemon using the password "quagga_ospfd". For testing it is -recommending to take exactly the below snmpd.conf as wrong access -restrictions can be hard to debug. - - /etc/snmp/snmpd.conf: - # - # example access restrictions setup - # - com2sec readonly default public - group MyROGroup v1 readonly - view all included .1 80 - access MyROGroup "" any noauth exact all none none - # - # the following line is relevant for Quagga - # - smuxpeer .1.3.6.1.4.1.3317.1.2.5 quagga_ospfd - - /etc/quagga/ospf: - ! ... the rest of ospfd.conf has been omitted for clarity ... - ! - smux peer .1.3.6.1.4.1.3317.1.2.5 quagga_ospfd - ! - - After restarting snmpd and quagga, a successful connection can be -verified in the syslog and by querying the SNMP daemon: - - snmpd[12300]: [smux_accept] accepted fd 12 from 127.0.0.1:36255 - snmpd[12300]: accepted smux peer: \ - oid GNOME-PRODUCT-ZEBRA-MIB::ospfd, quagga-0.96.5 - - # snmpwalk -c public -v1 localhost .1.3.6.1.2.1.14.1.1 - OSPF-MIB::ospfRouterId.0 = IpAddress: 192.168.42.109 - - Be warned that the current version (5.1.1) of the Net-SNMP daemon -writes a line for every SNMP connect to the syslog which can lead to -enormous log file sizes. If that is a problem you should consider to -patch snmpd and comment out the troublesome `snmp_log()' line in the -function `netsnmp_agent_check_packet()' in `agent/snmp_agent.c'. - - -File: quagga.info, Node: MIB and command reference, Next: Handling SNMP Traps, Prev: SMUX configuration, Up: SNMP Support - -16.3 MIB and command reference -============================== - -The following OID numbers are used for the interprocess communication -of snmpd and the Quagga daemons. Sadly, SNMP has not been implemented -in all daemons yet. - (OIDs below .iso.org.dod.internet.private.enterprises) - zebra .1.3.6.1.4.1.3317.1.2.1 .gnome.gnomeProducts.zebra.zserv - bgpd .1.3.6.1.4.1.3317.1.2.2 .gnome.gnomeProducts.zebra.bgpd - ripd .1.3.6.1.4.1.3317.1.2.3 .gnome.gnomeProducts.zebra.ripd - ospfd .1.3.6.1.4.1.3317.1.2.5 .gnome.gnomeProducts.zebra.ospfd - ospf6d .1.3.6.1.4.1.3317.1.2.6 .gnome.gnomeProducts.zebra.ospf6d - - The following OID numbers are used for querying the SNMP daemon by a -client: - zebra .1.3.6.1.2.1.4.24 .iso.org.dot.internet.mgmt.mib-2.ip.ipForward - ospfd .1.3.6.1.2.1.14 .iso.org.dot.internet.mgmt.mib-2.ospf - bgpd .1.3.6.1.2.1.15 .iso.org.dot.internet.mgmt.mib-2.bgp - ripd .1.3.6.1.2.1.23 .iso.org.dot.internet.mgmt.mib-2.rip2 - ospf6d .1.3.6.1.3.102 .iso.org.dod.internet.experimental.ospfv3 - - The following syntax is understood by the Quagga daemons for -configuring SNMP: - - -- Command: smux peer OID - -- Command: no smux peer OID - - -- Command: smux peer OID PASSWORD - -- Command: no smux peer OID PASSWORD - - -File: quagga.info, Node: Handling SNMP Traps, Prev: MIB and command reference, Up: SNMP Support - -16.4 Handling SNMP Traps -======================== - -To handle snmp traps make sure your snmp setup of quagga works -correctly as described in the quagga documentation in *Note SNMP -Support::. - - The BGP4 mib will send traps on peer up/down events. These should be -visible in your snmp logs with a message similar to: - - `snmpd[13733]: Got trap from peer on fd 14' - - To react on these traps they should be handled by a trapsink. -Configure your trapsink by adding the following lines to -`/etc/snmpd/snmpd.conf': - - # send traps to the snmptrapd on localhost - trapsink localhost - - This will send all traps to an snmptrapd running on localhost. You -can of course also use a dedicated management station to catch traps. -Configure the snmptrapd daemon by adding the following line to -`/etc/snmpd/snmptrapd.conf': - - traphandle .1.3.6.1.4.1.3317.1.2.2 /etc/snmp/snmptrap_handle.sh - - This will use the bash script `/etc/snmp/snmptrap_handle.sh' to -handle the BGP4 traps. To add traps for other protocol daemons, lookup -their appropriate OID from their mib. (For additional information about -which traps are supported by your mib, lookup the mib on -`http://www.oidview.com/mibs/detail.html'). - - Make sure snmptrapd is started. - - The snmptrap_handle.sh script I personally use for handling BGP4 -traps is below. You can of course do all sorts of things when handling -traps, like sound a siren, have your display flash, etc., be creative -;). - - - #!/bin/bash - - # routers name - ROUTER=`hostname -s` - - #email address use to sent out notification - EMAILADDR="john@doe.com" - #email address used (allongside above) where warnings should be sent - EMAILADDR_WARN="sms-john@doe.com" - - # type of notification - TYPE="Notice" - - # local snmp community for getting AS belonging to peer - COMMUNITY="<community>" - - # if a peer address is in $WARN_PEERS a warning should be sent - WARN_PEERS="192.0.2.1" - - - # get stdin - INPUT=`cat -` - - # get some vars from stdin - uptime=`echo $INPUT | cut -d' ' -f5` - peer=`echo $INPUT | cut -d' ' -f8 | sed -e 's/SNMPv2-SMI::mib-2.15.3.1.14.//g'` - peerstate=`echo $INPUT | cut -d' ' -f13` - errorcode=`echo $INPUT | cut -d' ' -f9 | sed -e 's/\"//g'` - suberrorcode=`echo $INPUT | cut -d' ' -f10 | sed -e 's/\"//g'` - remoteas=`snmpget -v2c -c $COMMUNITY localhost SNMPv2-SMI::mib-2.15.3.1.9.$peer | cut -d' ' -f4` - - WHOISINFO=`whois -h whois.ripe.net " -r AS$remoteas" | egrep '(as-name|descr)'` - asname=`echo "$WHOISINFO" | grep "^as-name:" | sed -e 's/^as-name://g' -e 's/ //g' -e 's/^ //g' | uniq` - asdescr=`echo "$WHOISINFO" | grep "^descr:" | sed -e 's/^descr://g' -e 's/ //g' -e 's/^ //g' | uniq` - - # if peer address is in $WARN_PEER, the email should also - # be sent to $EMAILADDR_WARN - for ip in $WARN_PEERS; do - if [ "x$ip" == "x$peer" ]; then - EMAILADDR="$EMAILADDR,$EMAILADDR_WARN" - TYPE="WARNING" - break - fi - done - - - # convert peer state - case "$peerstate" in - 1) peerstate="Idle" ;; - 2) peerstate="Connect" ;; - 3) peerstate="Active" ;; - 4) peerstate="Opensent" ;; - 5) peerstate="Openconfirm" ;; - 6) peerstate="Established" ;; - *) peerstate="Unknown" ;; - esac - - # get textual messages for errors - case "$errorcode" in - 00) - error="No error" - suberror="" - ;; - 01) - error="Message Header Error" - case "$suberrorcode" in - 01) suberror="Connection Not Synchronized" ;; - 02) suberror="Bad Message Length" ;; - 03) suberror="Bad Message Type" ;; - *) suberror="Unknown" ;; - esac - ;; - 02) - error="OPEN Message Error" - case "$suberrorcode" in - 01) suberror="Unsupported Version Number" ;; - 02) suberror="Bad Peer AS" ;; - 03) suberror="Bad BGP Identifier" ;; - 04) suberror="Unsupported Optional Parameter" ;; - 05) suberror="Authentication Failure" ;; - 06) suberror="Unacceptable Hold Time" ;; - *) suberror="Unknown" ;; - esac - ;; - 03) - error="UPDATE Message Error" - case "$suberrorcode" in - 01) suberror="Malformed Attribute List" ;; - 02) suberror="Unrecognized Well-known Attribute" ;; - 03) suberror="Missing Well-known Attribute" ;; - 04) suberror="Attribute Flags Error" ;; - 05) suberror="Attribute Length Error" ;; - 06) suberror="Invalid ORIGIN Attribute" ;; - 07) suberror="AS Routing Loop" ;; - 08) suberror="Invalid NEXT_HOP Attribute" ;; - 09) suberror="Optional Attribute Error" ;; - 10) suberror="Invalid Network Field" ;; - 11) suberror="Malformed AS_PATH" ;; - *) suberror="Unknown" ;; - esac - ;; - 04) - error="Hold Timer Expired" - suberror="" - ;; - 05) - error="Finite State Machine Error" - suberror="" - ;; - 06) - error="Cease" - case "$suberrorcode" in - 01) suberror="Maximum Number of Prefixes Reached" ;; - 02) suberror="Administratively Shutdown" ;; - 03) suberror="Peer Unconfigured" ;; - 04) suberror="Administratively Reset" ;; - 05) suberror="Connection Rejected" ;; - 06) suberror="Other Configuration Change" ;; - 07) suberror="Connection collision resolution" ;; - 08) suberror="Out of Resource" ;; - 09) suberror="MAX" ;; - *) suberror="Unknown" ;; - esac - ;; - *) - error="Unknown" - suberror="" - ;; - esac - - # create textual message from errorcodes - if [ "x$suberror" == "x" ]; then - NOTIFY="$errorcode ($error)" - else - NOTIFY="$errorcode/$suberrorcode ($error/$suberror)" - fi - - - # form a decent subject - SUBJECT="$TYPE: $ROUTER [bgp] $peer is $peerstate: $NOTIFY" - # create the email body - MAIL=`cat << EOF - BGP notification on router $ROUTER. - - Peer: $peer - AS: $remoteas - New state: $peerstate - Notification: $NOTIFY - - Info: - $asname - $asdescr - - Snmpd uptime: $uptime - EOF` - - # mail the notification - echo "$MAIL" | mail -s "$SUBJECT" $EMAILADDR - - -File: quagga.info, Node: Zebra Protocol, Next: Packet Binary Dump Format, Prev: SNMP Support, Up: Top - -Appendix A Zebra Protocol -************************* - -A.1 Overview of the Zebra Protocol -================================== - -Zebra Protocol is used by protocol daemons to communicate with the -zebra daemon. - - Each protocol daemon may request and send information to and from the -zebra daemon such as interface states, routing state, -nexthop-validation, and so on. Protocol daemons may also install routes -with zebra. The zebra daemon manages which route is installed into the -forwarding table with the kernel. - - Zebra Protocol is a streaming protocol, with a common header. Two -versions of the header are in use. Version 0 is implicitely versioned. -Version 1 has an explicit version field. Version 0 can be distinguished -from all other versions by examining the 3rd byte of the header, which -contains a marker value for all versions bar version 0. The marker byte -corresponds to the command field in version 0, and the marker value is -a reserved command in version 0. - - We do not anticipate there will be further versions of the header for -the foreseeable future, as the command field in version 1 is wide -enough to allow for future extensions to done compatibly through -seperate commands. - - Version 0 is used by all versions of GNU Zebra as of this writing, -and versions of Quagga up to and including Quagga 0.98. Version 1 will -be used as of Quagga 1.0. - -A.2 Zebra Protocol Definition -============================= - -A.2.1 Zebra Protocol Header (version 0) ---------------------------------------- - - 0 1 2 3 - 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 - +-------------------------------+---------------+ - | Length (2) | Command (1) | - +-------------------------------+---------------+ - -A.2.2 Zebra Protocol Common Header (version 1) ----------------------------------------------- - - 0 1 2 3 - 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 - +-------------------------------+---------------+-------------+ - | Length (2) | Marker (1) | Version (1) | - +-------------------------------+---------------+-------------+ - | Command (2) | - +-------------------------------+ - -A.2.3 Zebra Protocol Header Field Definitions ---------------------------------------------- - -`Length' - Total packet length including this header. The minimum length is 3 - bytes for version 0 messages and 6 bytes for version 1 messages. - -`Marker' - Static marker with a value of 255 always. This is to allow version - 0 Zserv headers (which do not include version explicitely) to be - distinguished from versioned headers. Not present in version 0 - messages. - -`Version' - Version number of the Zserv message. Clients should not continue - processing messages past the version field for versions they do not - recognise. Not present in version 0 messages. - -`Command' - The Zebra Protocol command. - -A.2.4 Zebra Protocol Commands ------------------------------ - -Command Value ------------------------------------------------------ -ZEBRA_INTERFACE_ADD 1 -ZEBRA_INTERFACE_DELETE 2 -ZEBRA_INTERFACE_ADDRESS_ADD 3 -ZEBRA_INTERFACE_ADDRESS_DELETE 4 -ZEBRA_INTERFACE_UP 5 -ZEBRA_INTERFACE_DOWN 6 -ZEBRA_IPV4_ROUTE_ADD 7 -ZEBRA_IPV4_ROUTE_DELETE 8 -ZEBRA_IPV6_ROUTE_ADD 9 -ZEBRA_IPV6_ROUTE_DELETE 10 -ZEBRA_REDISTRIBUTE_ADD 11 -ZEBRA_REDISTRIBUTE_DELETE 12 -ZEBRA_REDISTRIBUTE_DEFAULT_ADD 13 -ZEBRA_REDISTRIBUTE_DEFAULT_DELETE 14 -ZEBRA_IPV4_NEXTHOP_LOOKUP 15 -ZEBRA_IPV6_NEXTHOP_LOOKUP 16 - - -File: quagga.info, Node: Packet Binary Dump Format, Next: Command Index, Prev: Zebra Protocol, Up: Top - -Appendix B Packet Binary Dump Format -************************************ - -Quagga can dump routing protocol packet into file with a binary format -(*note Dump BGP packets and table::). - - It seems to be better that we share the MRT's header format for -backward compatibility with MRT's dump logs. We should also define the -binary format excluding the header, because we must support both IP v4 -and v6 addresses as socket addresses and / or routing entries. - - In the last meeting, we discussed to have a version field in the -header. But Masaki told us that we can define new `type' value rather -than having a `version' field, and it seems to be better because we -don't need to change header format. - - Here is the common header format. This is same as that of MRT. - - 0 1 2 3 - 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 - +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+ - | Time | - +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+ - | Type | Subtype | - +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+ - | Length | - +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+ - - If `type' is PROTOCOL_BGP4MP, `subtype' is BGP4MP_STATE_CHANGE, and -Address Family == IP (version 4) - - 0 1 2 3 - 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 - +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+ - | Source AS number | Destination AS number | - +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+ - | Interface Index | Address Family | - +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+ - | Source IP address | - +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+ - | Destination IP address | - +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+ - | Old State | New State | - +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+ - - Where State is the value defined in RFC1771. - - If `type' is PROTOCOL_BGP4MP, `subtype' is BGP4MP_STATE_CHANGE, and -Address Family == IP version 6 - - 0 1 2 3 - 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 - +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+ - | Source AS number | Destination AS number | - +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+ - | Interface Index | Address Family | - +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+ - | Source IP address | - +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+ - | Source IP address (Cont'd) | - +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+ - | Source IP address (Cont'd) | - +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+ - | Source IP address (Cont'd) | - +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+ - | Destination IP address | - +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+ - | Destination IP address (Cont'd) | - +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+ - | Destination IP address (Cont'd) | - +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+ - | Destination IP address (Cont'd) | - +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+ - | Old State | New State | - +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+ - - If `type' is PROTOCOL_BGP4MP, `subtype' is BGP4MP_MESSAGE, and -Address Family == IP (version 4) - - 0 1 2 3 - 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 - +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+ - | Source AS number | Destination AS number | - +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+ - | Interface Index | Address Family | - +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+ - | Source IP address | - +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+ - | Destination IP address | - +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+ - | BGP Message Packet | - | | - +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+ - - Where BGP Message Packet is the whole contents of the BGP4 message -including header portion. - - If `type' is PROTOCOL_BGP4MP, `subtype' is BGP4MP_MESSAGE, and -Address Family == IP version 6 - - 0 1 2 3 - 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 - +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+ - | Source AS number | Destination AS number | - +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+ - | Interface Index | Address Family | - +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+ - | Source IP address | - +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+ - | Source IP address (Cont'd) | - +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+ - | Source IP address (Cont'd) | - +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+ - | Source IP address (Cont'd) | - +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+ - | Destination IP address | - +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+ - | Destination IP address (Cont'd) | - +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+ - | Destination IP address (Cont'd) | - +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+ - | Destination IP address (Cont'd) | - +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+ - | BGP Message Packet | - | | - +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+ - - If `type' is PROTOCOL_BGP4MP, `subtype' is BGP4MP_ENTRY, and Address -Family == IP (version 4) - - 0 1 2 3 - 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 - +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+ - | View # | Status | - +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+ - | Time Last Change | - +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+ - | Address Family | SAFI | Next-Hop-Len | - +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+ - | Next Hop Address | - +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+ - | Prefix Length | Address Prefix [variable] | - +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+ - | Attribute Length | - +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+ - | BGP Attribute [variable length] | - +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+ - - If `type' is PROTOCOL_BGP4MP, `subtype' is BGP4MP_ENTRY, and Address -Family == IP version 6 - - 0 1 2 3 - 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 - +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+ - | View # | Status | - +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+ - | Time Last Change | - +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+ - | Address Family | SAFI | Next-Hop-Len | - +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+ - | Next Hop Address | - +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+ - | Next Hop Address (Cont'd) | - +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+ - | Next Hop Address (Cont'd) | - +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+ - | Next Hop Address (Cont'd) | - +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+ - | Prefix Length | Address Prefix [variable] | - +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+ - | Address Prefix (cont'd) [variable] | - +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+ - | Attribute Length | - +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+ - | BGP Attribute [variable length] | - +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+ - - BGP4 Attribute must not contain MP_UNREACH_NLRI. If BGP Attribute -has MP_REACH_NLRI field, it must has zero length NLRI, e.g., -MP_REACH_NLRI has only Address Family, SAFI and next-hop values. - - If `type' is PROTOCOL_BGP4MP and `subtype' is BGP4MP_SNAPSHOT, - - 0 1 2 3 - 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 - +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+ - | View # | File Name [variable] | - +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+ - - The file specified in "File Name" contains all routing entries, -which are in the format of "subtype == BGP4MP_ENTRY". - - Constants: - /* type value */ - #define MSG_PROTOCOL_BGP4MP 16 - /* subtype value */ - #define BGP4MP_STATE_CHANGE 0 - #define BGP4MP_MESSAGE 1 - #define BGP4MP_ENTRY 2 - #define BGP4MP_SNAPSHOT 3 - - -File: quagga.info, Node: Command Index, Next: VTY Key Index, Prev: Packet Binary Dump Format, Up: Top - -Command Index -************* - - -* Menu: - -* access-class ACCESS-LIST: Basic Config Commands. - (line 128) -* access-list NAME deny IPV4-NETWORK: IP Access List. (line 8) -* access-list NAME permit IPV4-NETWORK: IP Access List. (line 7) -* aggregate-address A.B.C.D/M: Route Aggregation. (line 7) -* aggregate-address A.B.C.D/M as-set: Route Aggregation. (line 10) -* aggregate-address A.B.C.D/M summary-only: Route Aggregation. - (line 14) -* area <0-4294967295> authentication: OSPF area. (line 127) -* area <0-4294967295> authentication message-digest: OSPF area. - (line 134) -* area <0-4294967295> export-list NAME: OSPF area. (line 85) -* area <0-4294967295> filter-list prefix NAME in: OSPF area. (line 117) -* area <0-4294967295> filter-list prefix NAME out: OSPF area. (line 118) -* area <0-4294967295> import-list NAME: OSPF area. (line 109) -* area <0-4294967295> range A.B.C.D/M: OSPF area. (line 8) -* area <0-4294967295> shortcut: OSPF area. (line 55) -* area <0-4294967295> stub: OSPF area. (line 62) -* area <0-4294967295> stub no-summary: OSPF area. (line 74) -* area <0-4294967295> virtual-link A.B.C.D: OSPF area. (line 50) -* area A.B.C.D authentication: OSPF area. (line 126) -* area A.B.C.D authentication message-digest: OSPF area. (line 133) -* area A.B.C.D default-cost <0-16777215>: OSPF area. (line 80) -* area A.B.C.D export-list NAME: OSPF area. (line 84) -* area A.B.C.D filter-list prefix NAME in: OSPF area. (line 115) -* area A.B.C.D filter-list prefix NAME out: OSPF area. (line 116) -* area A.B.C.D import-list NAME: OSPF area. (line 108) -* area A.B.C.D range A.B.C.D/M: OSPF area. (line 7) -* area A.B.C.D range IPV4_PREFIX not-advertise: OSPF area. (line 28) -* area A.B.C.D range IPV4_PREFIX substitute IPV4_PREFIX: OSPF area. - (line 34) -* area A.B.C.D shortcut: OSPF area. (line 54) -* area A.B.C.D stub: OSPF area. (line 61) -* area A.B.C.D stub no-summary: OSPF area. (line 73) -* area A.B.C.D virtual-link A.B.C.D: OSPF area. (line 49) -* auto-cost reference-bandwidth <1-4294967>: OSPF router. (line 143) -* bandwidth <1-10000000>: Interface Commands. (line 31) -* banner motd default: Basic Config Commands. - (line 110) -* bgp bestpath as-path confed: BGP decision process. - (line 19) -* bgp cluster-id A.B.C.D: Route Reflector. (line 7) -* bgp config-type cisco: Multiple instance. (line 20) -* bgp config-type zebra: Multiple instance. (line 53) -* bgp multiple-instance: Multiple instance. (line 10) -* bgp router-id A.B.C.D: BGP router. (line 22) -* call NAME: Route Map Call Command. - (line 7) -* call WORD: Commands for configuring a Route Server. - (line 52) -* clear ip bgp PEER: More Show IP BGP. (line 25) -* clear ip bgp PEER soft in: More Show IP BGP. (line 28) -* clear ip prefix-list: Clear counter of ip prefix-list. - (line 7) -* clear ip prefix-list NAME: Clear counter of ip prefix-list. - (line 11) -* clear ip prefix-list NAME A.B.C.D/M: Clear counter of ip prefix-list. - (line 13) -* configure terminal: Terminal Mode Commands. - (line 13) -* continue: Route Map Exit Action Command. - (line 8) -* continue N: Route Map Exit Action Command. - (line 12) -* debug event: More Show IP BGP. (line 33) -* debug keepalive: More Show IP BGP. (line 37) -* debug ospf ism: Debugging OSPF. (line 12) -* debug ospf ism (status|events|timers): Debugging OSPF. (line 13) -* debug ospf lsa: Debugging OSPF. (line 22) -* debug ospf lsa (generate|flooding|refresh): Debugging OSPF. (line 23) -* debug ospf nsm: Debugging OSPF. (line 17) -* debug ospf nsm (status|events|timers): Debugging OSPF. (line 18) -* debug ospf packet (hello|dd|ls-request|ls-update|ls-ack|all) (send|recv) [detail]: Debugging OSPF. - (line 8) -* debug ospf zebra: Debugging OSPF. (line 27) -* debug ospf zebra (interface|redistribute): Debugging OSPF. (line 28) -* debug rip events: RIP Debug Commands. (line 9) -* debug rip packet: RIP Debug Commands. (line 15) -* debug rip zebra: RIP Debug Commands. (line 22) -* debug ripng events: ripngd Terminal Mode Commands. - (line 11) -* debug ripng packet: ripngd Terminal Mode Commands. - (line 13) -* debug ripng zebra: ripngd Terminal Mode Commands. - (line 15) -* debug update: More Show IP BGP. (line 35) -* default-information originate <1>: Redistribute routes to OSPF. - (line 27) -* default-information originate: How to Announce RIP route. - (line 51) -* default-information originate always: Redistribute routes to OSPF. - (line 33) -* default-information originate always metric <0-16777214>: Redistribute routes to OSPF. - (line 35) -* default-information originate always metric <0-16777214> metric-type (1|2): Redistribute routes to OSPF. - (line 37) -* default-information originate always metric <0-16777214> metric-type (1|2) route-map WORD: Redistribute routes to OSPF. - (line 39) -* default-information originate metric <0-16777214>: Redistribute routes to OSPF. - (line 28) -* default-information originate metric <0-16777214> metric-type (1|2): Redistribute routes to OSPF. - (line 30) -* default-information originate metric <0-16777214> metric-type (1|2) route-map WORD: Redistribute routes to OSPF. - (line 32) -* default-metric <0-16777214>: Redistribute routes to OSPF. - (line 52) -* default-metric <1-16>: RIP Metric Manipulation. - (line 11) -* description DESCRIPTION ...: Interface Commands. (line 24) -* distance <1-255> <1>: Redistribute routes to OSPF. - (line 55) -* distance <1-255>: RIP distance. (line 9) -* distance <1-255> A.B.C.D/M <1>: BGP distance. (line 12) -* distance <1-255> A.B.C.D/M: RIP distance. (line 13) -* distance <1-255> A.B.C.D/M ACCESS-LIST: RIP distance. (line 18) -* distance <1-255> A.B.C.D/M WORD: BGP distance. (line 13) -* distance bgp <1-255> <1-255> <1-255>: BGP distance. (line 7) -* distance ospf (intra-area|inter-area|external) <1-255>: Redistribute routes to OSPF. - (line 59) -* distribute-list ACCESS_LIST (in|out) IFNAME: ripngd Filtering Commands. - (line 7) -* distribute-list ACCESS_LIST DIRECT IFNAME: Filtering RIP Routes. - (line 9) -* distribute-list NAME out (kernel|connected|static|rip|ospf: Redistribute routes to OSPF. - (line 48) -* distribute-list prefix PREFIX_LIST (in|out) IFNAME: Filtering RIP Routes. - (line 32) -* dump bgp all PATH: Dump BGP packets and table. - (line 7) -* dump bgp all PATH INTERVAL: Dump BGP packets and table. - (line 8) -* dump bgp routes PATH: Dump BGP packets and table. - (line 15) -* dump bgp updates PATH: Dump BGP packets and table. - (line 11) -* dump bgp updates PATH INTERVAL: Dump BGP packets and table. - (line 12) -* enable password PASSWORD: Basic Config Commands. - (line 14) -* exec-timeout MINUTE: Basic Config Commands. - (line 116) -* exec-timeout MINUTE SECOND: Basic Config Commands. - (line 117) -* flush_timer TIME: ripngd Configuration. - (line 12) -* hostname HOSTNAME: Basic Config Commands. - (line 7) -* interface IFNAME: Interface Commands. (line 7) -* interface IFNAME area AREA: OSPF6 router. (line 12) -* ip address ADDRESS/PREFIX: Interface Commands. (line 13) -* ip address ADDRESS/PREFIX secondary: Interface Commands. (line 19) -* ip as-path access-list WORD {permit|deny} LINE: AS Path Access List. - (line 9) -* ip community-list <1-99> {permit|deny} COMMUNITY: Numbered BGP Community Lists. - (line 14) -* ip community-list <100-199> {permit|deny} COMMUNITY: Numbered BGP Community Lists. - (line 20) -* ip community-list expanded NAME {permit|deny} LINE: BGP Community Lists. - (line 30) -* ip community-list NAME {permit|deny} COMMUNITY: Numbered BGP Community Lists. - (line 25) -* ip community-list standard NAME {permit|deny} COMMUNITY: BGP Community Lists. - (line 20) -* ip extcommunity-list expanded NAME {permit|deny} LINE: BGP Extended Community Lists. - (line 21) -* ip extcommunity-list standard NAME {permit|deny} EXTCOMMUNITY: BGP Extended Community Lists. - (line 10) -* ip ospf authentication-key AUTH_KEY: OSPF interface. (line 7) -* ip ospf cost <1-65535>: OSPF interface. (line 30) -* ip ospf dead-interval <1-65535>: OSPF interface. (line 35) -* ip ospf dead-interval minimal hello-multiplier <2-20>: OSPF interface. - (line 37) -* ip ospf hello-interval <1-65535>: OSPF interface. (line 54) -* ip ospf message-digest-key KEYID md5 KEY: OSPF interface. (line 13) -* ip ospf network (broadcast|non-broadcast|point-to-multipoint|point-to-point): OSPF interface. - (line 65) -* ip ospf priority <0-255>: OSPF interface. (line 69) -* ip ospf retransmit-interval <1-65535>: OSPF interface. (line 76) -* ip ospf transmit-delay: OSPF interface. (line 82) -* ip prefix-list NAME (permit|deny) PREFIX [le LEN] [ge LEN]: IP Prefix List. - (line 16) -* ip prefix-list NAME description DESC: ip prefix-list description. - (line 7) -* ip prefix-list NAME seq NUMBER (permit|deny) PREFIX [le LEN] [ge LEN]: IP Prefix List. - (line 18) -* ip prefix-list sequence-number: ip prefix-list sequential number control. - (line 7) -* ip rip authentication key-chain KEY-CHAIN: RIP Authentication. - (line 43) -* ip rip authentication mode md5: RIP Authentication. (line 29) -* ip rip authentication mode text: RIP Authentication. (line 33) -* ip rip authentication string STRING: RIP Authentication. (line 37) -* ip rip receive version VERSION: RIP Version Control. (line 44) -* ip rip send version VERSION: RIP Version Control. (line 33) -* ip route NETWORK GATEWAY: Static Route Commands. - (line 10) -* ip route NETWORK GATEWAY DISTANCE: Static Route Commands. - (line 36) -* ip route NETWORK NETMASK GATEWAY: Static Route Commands. - (line 25) -* ip split-horizon: RIP Configuration. (line 70) -* ip6 address ADDRESS/PREFIX: Interface Commands. (line 14) -* ipv6 nd adv-interval-option: Router Advertisement. - (line 127) -* ipv6 nd home-agent-config-flag: Router Advertisement. - (line 104) -* ipv6 nd home-agent-lifetime: Router Advertisement. - (line 119) -* ipv6 nd home-agent-preference: Router Advertisement. - (line 112) -* ipv6 nd managed-config-flag: Router Advertisement. - (line 87) -* ipv6 nd other-config-flag: Router Advertisement. - (line 96) -* ipv6 nd prefix IPV6PREFIX [VALID-LIFETIME] [PREFERRED-LIFETIME] [off-link] [no-autoconfig] [router-address]: Router Advertisement. - (line 14) -* ipv6 nd ra-interval msec MILLISECONDS: Router Advertisement. - (line 57) -* ipv6 nd ra-interval SECONDS: Router Advertisement. - (line 49) -* ipv6 nd ra-lifetime SECONDS: Router Advertisement. - (line 65) -* ipv6 nd reachable-time MILLISECONDS: Router Advertisement. - (line 77) -* ipv6 nd suppress-ra: Router Advertisement. - (line 10) -* ipv6 ospf6 cost COST: OSPF6 interface. (line 7) -* ipv6 ospf6 dead-interval DEADINTERVAL: OSPF6 interface. (line 13) -* ipv6 ospf6 hello-interval HELLOINTERVAL: OSPF6 interface. (line 10) -* ipv6 ospf6 priority PRIORITY: OSPF6 interface. (line 20) -* ipv6 ospf6 retransmit-interval RETRANSMITINTERVAL: OSPF6 interface. - (line 17) -* ipv6 ospf6 transmit-delay TRANSMITDELAY: OSPF6 interface. (line 23) -* ipv6 route NETWORK GATEWAY: Static Route Commands. - (line 77) -* ipv6 route NETWORK GATEWAY DISTANCE: Static Route Commands. - (line 78) -* line vty: Basic Config Commands. - (line 107) -* link-detect: Interface Commands. (line 37) -* list: Terminal Mode Commands. - (line 24) -* log facility FACILITY: Basic Config Commands. - (line 81) -* log file FILENAME: Basic Config Commands. - (line 41) -* log file FILENAME LEVEL: Basic Config Commands. - (line 42) -* log monitor: Basic Config Commands. - (line 68) -* log monitor LEVEL: Basic Config Commands. - (line 69) -* log record-priority: Basic Config Commands. - (line 87) -* log stdout: Basic Config Commands. - (line 28) -* log stdout LEVEL: Basic Config Commands. - (line 29) -* log syslog: Basic Config Commands. - (line 59) -* log syslog LEVEL: Basic Config Commands. - (line 60) -* log trap LEVEL: Basic Config Commands. - (line 17) -* logmsg LEVEL MESSAGE: Terminal Mode Commands. - (line 34) -* match as-path WORD: Using AS Path in Route Map. - (line 7) -* match aspath AS_PATH: Route Map Match Command. - (line 13) -* match community COMMUNITY_LIST: Route Map Match Command. - (line 19) -* match community WORD: BGP Community in Route Map. - (line 13) -* match community WORD exact-match: BGP Community in Route Map. - (line 14) -* match extcommunity WORD: BGP Extended Communities in Route Map. - (line 7) -* match interface WORD: RIP route-map. (line 26) -* match ip address ACCESS_LIST: Route Map Match Command. - (line 7) -* match ip address prefix-list WORD: RIP route-map. (line 39) -* match ip address WORD: RIP route-map. (line 38) -* match ip next-hop A.B.C.D: RIP route-map. (line 42) -* match ip next-hop IPV4_ADDR: Route Map Match Command. - (line 10) -* match metric <0-4294967295>: RIP route-map. (line 47) -* match metric METRIC: Route Map Match Command. - (line 16) -* match peer {A.B.C.D|X:X::X:X}: Commands for configuring a Route Server. - (line 34) -* max-metric router-lsa [on-startup|on-shutdown] <5-86400>: OSPF router. - (line 110) -* max-metric router-lsa administrative: OSPF router. (line 111) -* multicast: Interface Commands. (line 27) -* neigbor {A.B.C.D|X.X::X.X|peer-group} route-map WORD {import|export}: Commands for configuring a Route Server. - (line 29) -* neighbor A.B.C.D: RIP Configuration. (line 34) -* neighbor A.B.C.D route-server-client: Commands for configuring a Route Server. - (line 11) -* neighbor PEER default-originate: BGP Peer commands. (line 47) -* neighbor PEER description ...: BGP Peer commands. (line 20) -* neighbor PEER distribute-list NAME [in|out]: Peer filtering. - (line 7) -* neighbor PEER dont-capability-negotiate: Capability Negotiation. - (line 51) -* neighbor PEER ebgp-multihop: BGP Peer commands. (line 17) -* neighbor PEER filter-list NAME [in|out]: Peer filtering. (line 13) -* neighbor PEER interface IFNAME: BGP Peer commands. (line 33) -* neighbor PEER maximum-prefix NUMBER: BGP Peer commands. (line 64) -* neighbor PEER next-hop-self: BGP Peer commands. (line 39) -* neighbor PEER override-capability: Capability Negotiation. - (line 67) -* neighbor PEER peer-group WORD: BGP Peer Group. (line 10) -* neighbor PEER port PORT: BGP Peer commands. (line 53) -* neighbor PEER prefix-list NAME [in|out]: Peer filtering. (line 11) -* neighbor PEER remote-as ASN: Defining Peer. (line 7) -* neighbor PEER route-map NAME [in|out]: Peer filtering. (line 15) -* neighbor PEER route-reflector-client: Route Reflector. (line 9) -* neighbor PEER send-community: BGP Peer commands. (line 56) -* neighbor PEER shutdown: BGP Peer commands. (line 10) -* neighbor PEER strict-capability-match: Capability Negotiation. - (line 40) -* neighbor PEER update-source: BGP Peer commands. (line 44) -* neighbor PEER version VERSION: BGP Peer commands. (line 24) -* neighbor PEER weight WEIGHT: BGP Peer commands. (line 59) -* neighbor PEER-GROUP route-server-client: Commands for configuring a Route Server. - (line 10) -* neighbor WORD peer-group: BGP Peer Group. (line 7) -* neighbor X:X::X:X route-server-client: Commands for configuring a Route Server. - (line 12) -* network A.B.C.D/M: BGP route. (line 7) -* network A.B.C.D/M area <0-4294967295>: OSPF router. (line 155) -* network A.B.C.D/M area A.B.C.D: OSPF router. (line 154) -* network IFNAME <1>: ripngd Configuration. - (line 18) -* network IFNAME: RIP Configuration. (line 27) -* network NETWORK <1>: ripngd Configuration. - (line 15) -* network NETWORK: RIP Configuration. (line 15) -* no aggregate-address A.B.C.D/M: Route Aggregation. (line 18) -* no area <0-4294967295> authentication: OSPF area. (line 129) -* no area <0-4294967295> export-list NAME: OSPF area. (line 87) -* no area <0-4294967295> filter-list prefix NAME in: OSPF area. - (line 121) -* no area <0-4294967295> filter-list prefix NAME out: OSPF area. - (line 122) -* no area <0-4294967295> import-list NAME: OSPF area. (line 111) -* no area <0-4294967295> range A.B.C.D/M: OSPF area. (line 10) -* no area <0-4294967295> shortcut: OSPF area. (line 57) -* no area <0-4294967295> stub: OSPF area. (line 64) -* no area <0-4294967295> stub no-summary: OSPF area. (line 76) -* no area <0-4294967295> virtual-link A.B.C.D: OSPF area. (line 52) -* no area A.B.C.D authentication: OSPF area. (line 128) -* no area A.B.C.D default-cost <0-16777215>: OSPF area. (line 81) -* no area A.B.C.D export-list NAME: OSPF area. (line 86) -* no area A.B.C.D filter-list prefix NAME in: OSPF area. (line 119) -* no area A.B.C.D filter-list prefix NAME out: OSPF area. (line 120) -* no area A.B.C.D import-list NAME: OSPF area. (line 110) -* no area A.B.C.D range A.B.C.D/M: OSPF area. (line 9) -* no area A.B.C.D range IPV4_PREFIX not-advertise: OSPF area. (line 29) -* no area A.B.C.D range IPV4_PREFIX substitute IPV4_PREFIX: OSPF area. - (line 36) -* no area A.B.C.D shortcut: OSPF area. (line 56) -* no area A.B.C.D stub: OSPF area. (line 63) -* no area A.B.C.D stub no-summary: OSPF area. (line 75) -* no area A.B.C.D virtual-link A.B.C.D: OSPF area. (line 51) -* no auto-cost reference-bandwidth: OSPF router. (line 144) -* no bandwidth <1-10000000>: Interface Commands. (line 32) -* no banner motd: Basic Config Commands. - (line 113) -* no bgp multiple-instance: Multiple instance. (line 14) -* no debug event: More Show IP BGP. (line 39) -* no debug keepalive: More Show IP BGP. (line 43) -* no debug ospf ism: Debugging OSPF. (line 14) -* no debug ospf ism (status|events|timers): Debugging OSPF. (line 15) -* no debug ospf lsa: Debugging OSPF. (line 24) -* no debug ospf lsa (generate|flooding|refresh): Debugging OSPF. - (line 25) -* no debug ospf nsm: Debugging OSPF. (line 19) -* no debug ospf nsm (status|events|timers): Debugging OSPF. (line 20) -* no debug ospf packet (hello|dd|ls-request|ls-update|ls-ack|all) (send|recv) [detail]: Debugging OSPF. - (line 10) -* no debug ospf zebra: Debugging OSPF. (line 29) -* no debug ospf zebra (interface|redistribute): Debugging OSPF. - (line 30) -* no debug update: More Show IP BGP. (line 41) -* no default-information originate: Redistribute routes to OSPF. - (line 40) -* no default-metric: Redistribute routes to OSPF. - (line 53) -* no default-metric <1-16>: RIP Metric Manipulation. - (line 12) -* no distance <1-255> <1>: Redistribute routes to OSPF. - (line 56) -* no distance <1-255>: RIP distance. (line 10) -* no distance <1-255> A.B.C.D/M: RIP distance. (line 14) -* no distance <1-255> A.B.C.D/M ACCESS-LIST: RIP distance. (line 19) -* no distance ospf: Redistribute routes to OSPF. - (line 60) -* no distribute-list NAME out (kernel|connected|static|rip|ospf: Redistribute routes to OSPF. - (line 50) -* no exec-timeout: Basic Config Commands. - (line 124) -* no ip address ADDRESS/PREFIX: Interface Commands. (line 15) -* no ip address ADDRESS/PREFIX secondary: Interface Commands. (line 20) -* no ip as-path access-list WORD: AS Path Access List. (line 12) -* no ip as-path access-list WORD {permit|deny} LINE: AS Path Access List. - (line 13) -* no ip community-list expanded NAME: BGP Community Lists. (line 37) -* no ip community-list NAME: BGP Community Lists. (line 35) -* no ip community-list standard NAME: BGP Community Lists. (line 36) -* no ip extcommunity-list expanded NAME: BGP Extended Community Lists. - (line 29) -* no ip extcommunity-list NAME: BGP Extended Community Lists. - (line 27) -* no ip extcommunity-list standard NAME: BGP Extended Community Lists. - (line 28) -* no ip ospf authentication-key: OSPF interface. (line 8) -* no ip ospf cost: OSPF interface. (line 31) -* no ip ospf dead-interval: OSPF interface. (line 38) -* no ip ospf hello-interval: OSPF interface. (line 55) -* no ip ospf message-digest-key: OSPF interface. (line 14) -* no ip ospf network: OSPF interface. (line 66) -* no ip ospf priority: OSPF interface. (line 70) -* no ip ospf retransmit interval: OSPF interface. (line 77) -* no ip ospf transmit-delay: OSPF interface. (line 83) -* no ip prefix-list NAME: IP Prefix List. (line 67) -* no ip prefix-list NAME description [DESC]: ip prefix-list description. - (line 11) -* no ip prefix-list sequence-number: ip prefix-list sequential number control. - (line 11) -* no ip rip authentication key-chain KEY-CHAIN: RIP Authentication. - (line 44) -* no ip rip authentication mode md5: RIP Authentication. (line 30) -* no ip rip authentication mode text: RIP Authentication. (line 34) -* no ip rip authentication string STRING: RIP Authentication. (line 38) -* no ip split-horizon: RIP Configuration. (line 71) -* no ip6 address ADDRESS/PREFIX: Interface Commands. (line 16) -* no ipv6 nd adv-interval-option: Router Advertisement. - (line 128) -* no ipv6 nd home-agent-config-flag: Router Advertisement. - (line 105) -* no ipv6 nd home-agent-lifetime: Router Advertisement. - (line 120) -* no ipv6 nd home-agent-preference: Router Advertisement. - (line 113) -* no ipv6 nd managed-config-flag: Router Advertisement. - (line 88) -* no ipv6 nd other-config-flag: Router Advertisement. - (line 97) -* no ipv6 nd ra-interval: Router Advertisement. - (line 50) -* no ipv6 nd ra-interval msec: Router Advertisement. - (line 58) -* no ipv6 nd ra-lifetime: Router Advertisement. - (line 66) -* no ipv6 nd reachable-time: Router Advertisement. - (line 78) -* no ipv6 nd suppress-ra: Router Advertisement. - (line 7) -* no link-detect: Interface Commands. (line 38) -* no log facility: Basic Config Commands. - (line 82) -* no log file: Basic Config Commands. - (line 43) -* no log monitor: Basic Config Commands. - (line 70) -* no log record-priority: Basic Config Commands. - (line 88) -* no log stdout: Basic Config Commands. - (line 30) -* no log syslog: Basic Config Commands. - (line 61) -* no log trap: Basic Config Commands. - (line 18) -* no max-metric router-lsa [on-startup|on-shutdown|administrative]: OSPF router. - (line 113) -* no multicast: Interface Commands. (line 28) -* no neighbor A.B.C.D: RIP Configuration. (line 35) -* no neighbor PEER default-originate: BGP Peer commands. (line 48) -* no neighbor PEER description ...: BGP Peer commands. (line 21) -* no neighbor PEER dont-capability-negotiate: Capability Negotiation. - (line 52) -* no neighbor PEER ebgp-multihop: BGP Peer commands. (line 18) -* no neighbor PEER interface IFNAME: BGP Peer commands. (line 34) -* no neighbor PEER maximum-prefix NUMBER: BGP Peer commands. (line 65) -* no neighbor PEER next-hop-self: BGP Peer commands. (line 40) -* no neighbor PEER override-capability: Capability Negotiation. - (line 68) -* no neighbor PEER route-reflector-client: Route Reflector. (line 10) -* no neighbor PEER shutdown: BGP Peer commands. (line 11) -* no neighbor PEER strict-capability-match: Capability Negotiation. - (line 41) -* no neighbor PEER update-source: BGP Peer commands. (line 45) -* no neighbor PEER weight WEIGHT: BGP Peer commands. (line 60) -* no network A.B.C.D/M: BGP route. (line 17) -* no network A.B.C.D/M area <0-4294967295>: OSPF router. (line 157) -* no network A.B.C.D/M area A.B.C.D: OSPF router. (line 156) -* no network IFNAME: RIP Configuration. (line 28) -* no network NETWORK: RIP Configuration. (line 16) -* no ospf abr-type TYPE: OSPF router. (line 27) -* no ospf rfc1583compatibility: OSPF router. (line 49) -* no ospf router-id: OSPF router. (line 17) -* no passive interface INTERFACE: OSPF router. (line 60) -* no passive-interface IFNAME: RIP Configuration. (line 58) -* no redistribute (kernel|connected|static|rip|bgp): Redistribute routes to OSPF. - (line 22) -* no redistribute bgp: How to Announce RIP route. - (line 44) -* no redistribute connected: How to Announce RIP route. - (line 26) -* no redistribute kernel: How to Announce RIP route. - (line 10) -* no redistribute ospf: How to Announce RIP route. - (line 36) -* no redistribute static: How to Announce RIP route. - (line 18) -* no route A.B.C.D/M: How to Announce RIP route. - (line 54) -* no router bgp ASN: BGP router. (line 19) -* no router ospf: OSPF router. (line 11) -* no router rip: RIP Configuration. (line 12) -* no router zebra: Redistribute routes to OSPF. - (line 63) -* no shutdown: Interface Commands. (line 10) -* no smux peer OID: MIB and command reference. - (line 29) -* no smux peer OID PASSWORD: MIB and command reference. - (line 32) -* no timers basic: RIP Timers. (line 31) -* no timers throttle spf: OSPF router. (line 72) -* no version: RIP Version Control. (line 30) -* offset-list ACCESS-LIST (in|out): RIP Metric Manipulation. - (line 20) -* offset-list ACCESS-LIST (in|out) IFNAME: RIP Metric Manipulation. - (line 21) -* on-match goto N: Route Map Exit Action Command. - (line 11) -* on-match next: Route Map Exit Action Command. - (line 7) -* ospf abr-type TYPE: OSPF router. (line 26) -* ospf rfc1583compatibility: OSPF router. (line 48) -* ospf router-id A.B.C.D: OSPF router. (line 16) -* passive interface INTERFACE: OSPF router. (line 59) -* passive-interface (IFNAME|default): RIP Configuration. (line 57) -* password PASSWORD: Basic Config Commands. - (line 10) -* redistribute (kernel|connected|static|rip|bgp): Redistribute routes to OSPF. - (line 7) -* redistribute (kernel|connected|static|rip|bgp) metric <0-16777214>: Redistribute routes to OSPF. - (line 15) -* redistribute (kernel|connected|static|rip|bgp) metric <0-16777214> route-map WORD: Redistribute routes to OSPF. - (line 17) -* redistribute (kernel|connected|static|rip|bgp) metric-type (1|2): Redistribute routes to OSPF. - (line 11) -* redistribute (kernel|connected|static|rip|bgp) metric-type (1|2) metric <0-16777214>: Redistribute routes to OSPF. - (line 19) -* redistribute (kernel|connected|static|rip|bgp) metric-type (1|2) metric <0-16777214> route-map WORD: Redistribute routes to OSPF. - (line 21) -* redistribute (kernel|connected|static|rip|bgp) metric-type (1|2) route-map WORD: Redistribute routes to OSPF. - (line 13) -* redistribute (kernel|connected|static|rip|bgp) ROUTE-MAP: Redistribute routes to OSPF. - (line 9) -* redistribute bgp: How to Announce RIP route. - (line 41) -* redistribute bgp metric <0-16>: How to Announce RIP route. - (line 42) -* redistribute bgp route-map ROUTE-MAP: How to Announce RIP route. - (line 43) -* redistribute connected <1>: Redistribute to BGP. (line 13) -* redistribute connected <2>: Redistribute routes to OSPF6. - (line 8) -* redistribute connected: How to Announce RIP route. - (line 23) -* redistribute connected metric <0-16>: How to Announce RIP route. - (line 24) -* redistribute connected route-map ROUTE-MAP: How to Announce RIP route. - (line 25) -* redistribute kernel <1>: Redistribute to BGP. (line 7) -* redistribute kernel: How to Announce RIP route. - (line 7) -* redistribute kernel metric <0-16>: How to Announce RIP route. - (line 8) -* redistribute kernel route-map ROUTE-MAP: How to Announce RIP route. - (line 9) -* redistribute ospf <1>: Redistribute to BGP. (line 19) -* redistribute ospf: How to Announce RIP route. - (line 33) -* redistribute ospf metric <0-16>: How to Announce RIP route. - (line 34) -* redistribute ospf route-map ROUTE-MAP: How to Announce RIP route. - (line 35) -* redistribute rip: Redistribute to BGP. (line 16) -* redistribute ripng: Redistribute routes to OSPF6. - (line 9) -* redistribute static <1>: Redistribute to BGP. (line 10) -* redistribute static <2>: Redistribute routes to OSPF6. - (line 7) -* redistribute static: How to Announce RIP route. - (line 15) -* redistribute static metric <0-16>: How to Announce RIP route. - (line 16) -* redistribute static route-map ROUTE-MAP: How to Announce RIP route. - (line 17) -* route A.B.C.D/M: How to Announce RIP route. - (line 53) -* route NETWORK: ripngd Configuration. - (line 21) -* route-map ROUTE-MAP-NAME (permit|deny) ORDER: Route Map Command. - (line 7) -* router bgp AS-NUMBER: BGP instance and view. - (line 11) -* router bgp AS-NUMBER view NAME: BGP instance and view. - (line 28) -* router bgp ASN: BGP router. (line 13) -* router ospf: OSPF router. (line 10) -* router ospf6: OSPF6 router. (line 7) -* router rip: RIP Configuration. (line 7) -* router ripng: ripngd Configuration. - (line 9) -* router zebra <1>: Redistribute routes to OSPF. - (line 62) -* router zebra: ripngd Configuration. - (line 24) -* router-id A.B.C.D: OSPF6 router. (line 9) -* service advanced-vty: Basic Config Commands. - (line 100) -* service integrated-vtysh-config: VTY shell integrated configuration. - (line 7) -* service password-encryption: Basic Config Commands. - (line 97) -* service terminal-length <0-512>: Basic Config Commands. - (line 103) -* set as-path prepend AS-PATH: Using AS Path in Route Map. - (line 9) -* set as-path prepend AS_PATH: Route Map Set Command. - (line 19) -* set comm-list WORD delete: BGP Community in Route Map. - (line 34) -* set community COMMUNITY <1>: Route Map Set Command. - (line 22) -* set community COMMUNITY: BGP Community in Route Map. - (line 23) -* set community COMMUNITY additive: BGP Community in Route Map. - (line 24) -* set community none: BGP Community in Route Map. - (line 22) -* set extcommunity rt EXTCOMMUNITY: BGP Extended Communities in Route Map. - (line 9) -* set extcommunity soo EXTCOMMUNITY: BGP Extended Communities in Route Map. - (line 12) -* set ip next-hop A.B.C.D: RIP route-map. (line 52) -* set ip next-hop IPV4_ADDRESS: Route Map Set Command. - (line 7) -* set ipv6 next-hop global IPV6_ADDRESS: Route Map Set Command. - (line 25) -* set ipv6 next-hop local IPV6_ADDRESS: Route Map Set Command. - (line 28) -* set local-preference LOCAL_PREF: Route Map Set Command. - (line 10) -* set metric <0-4294967295>: RIP route-map. (line 57) -* set metric METRIC: Route Map Set Command. - (line 16) -* set weight WEIGHT: Route Map Set Command. - (line 13) -* show debug: More Show IP BGP. (line 31) -* show debugging ospf: Debugging OSPF. (line 32) -* show debugging rip: RIP Debug Commands. (line 29) -* show debugging ripng: ripngd Terminal Mode Commands. - (line 9) -* show interface: zebra Terminal Mode Commands. - (line 21) -* show ip bgp: Show IP BGP. (line 7) -* show ip bgp A.B.C.D: Show IP BGP. (line 8) -* show ip bgp community: Display BGP Routes by Community. - (line 11) -* show ip bgp community COMMUNITY <1>: More Show IP BGP. (line 11) -* show ip bgp community COMMUNITY: Display BGP Routes by Community. - (line 12) -* show ip bgp community COMMUNITY exact-match <1>: More Show IP BGP. - (line 12) -* show ip bgp community COMMUNITY exact-match: Display BGP Routes by Community. - (line 13) -* show ip bgp community-list WORD <1>: More Show IP BGP. (line 16) -* show ip bgp community-list WORD: Display BGP Routes by Community. - (line 20) -* show ip bgp community-list WORD exact-match <1>: More Show IP BGP. - (line 17) -* show ip bgp community-list WORD exact-match: Display BGP Routes by Community. - (line 21) -* show ip bgp neighbor [PEER]: More Show IP BGP. (line 23) -* show ip bgp regexp LINE <1>: More Show IP BGP. (line 7) -* show ip bgp regexp LINE: Display BGP Routes by AS Path. - (line 10) -* show ip bgp summary: More Show IP BGP. (line 21) -* show ip bgp view NAME: Viewing the view. (line 9) -* show ip bgp X:X::X:X: Show IP BGP. (line 9) -* show ip community-list: BGP Community Lists. (line 42) -* show ip community-list NAME: BGP Community Lists. (line 43) -* show ip extcommunity-list: BGP Extended Community Lists. - (line 35) -* show ip extcommunity-list NAME: BGP Extended Community Lists. - (line 36) -* show ip ospf: Showing OSPF information. - (line 7) -* show ip ospf database: Showing OSPF information. - (line 20) -* show ip ospf database (asbr-summary|external|network|router|summary): Showing OSPF information. - (line 23) -* show ip ospf database (asbr-summary|external|network|router|summary) adv-router ADV-ROUTER: Showing OSPF information. - (line 30) -* show ip ospf database (asbr-summary|external|network|router|summary) LINK-STATE-ID: Showing OSPF information. - (line 25) -* show ip ospf database (asbr-summary|external|network|router|summary) LINK-STATE-ID adv-router ADV-ROUTER: Showing OSPF information. - (line 28) -* show ip ospf database (asbr-summary|external|network|router|summary) LINK-STATE-ID self-originate: Showing OSPF information. - (line 33) -* show ip ospf database (asbr-summary|external|network|router|summary) self-originate: Showing OSPF information. - (line 35) -* show ip ospf database max-age: Showing OSPF information. - (line 37) -* show ip ospf database self-originate: Showing OSPF information. - (line 39) -* show ip ospf interface [INTERFACE]: Showing OSPF information. - (line 11) -* show ip ospf neighbor: Showing OSPF information. - (line 15) -* show ip ospf neighbor detail: Showing OSPF information. - (line 17) -* show ip ospf neighbor INTERFACE: Showing OSPF information. - (line 16) -* show ip ospf neighbor INTERFACE detail: Showing OSPF information. - (line 18) -* show ip ospf route: Showing OSPF information. - (line 41) -* show ip prefix-list: Showing ip prefix-list. - (line 7) -* show ip prefix-list detail: Showing ip prefix-list. - (line 31) -* show ip prefix-list detail NAME: Showing ip prefix-list. - (line 33) -* show ip prefix-list NAME: Showing ip prefix-list. - (line 10) -* show ip prefix-list NAME A.B.C.D/M: Showing ip prefix-list. - (line 17) -* show ip prefix-list NAME A.B.C.D/M first-match: Showing ip prefix-list. - (line 25) -* show ip prefix-list NAME A.B.C.D/M longer: Showing ip prefix-list. - (line 23) -* show ip prefix-list NAME seq NUM: Showing ip prefix-list. - (line 13) -* show ip prefix-list summary: Showing ip prefix-list. - (line 27) -* show ip prefix-list summary NAME: Showing ip prefix-list. - (line 29) -* show ip protocols: Show RIP Information. - (line 17) -* show ip rip: Show RIP Information. - (line 9) -* show ip ripng: ripngd Terminal Mode Commands. - (line 7) -* show ip route: zebra Terminal Mode Commands. - (line 7) -* show ipforward: zebra Terminal Mode Commands. - (line 23) -* show ipv6 ospf6 [INSTANCE_ID]: Showing OSPF6 information. - (line 7) -* show ipv6 ospf6 database: Showing OSPF6 information. - (line 11) -* show ipv6 ospf6 interface: Showing OSPF6 information. - (line 15) -* show ipv6 ospf6 neighbor: Showing OSPF6 information. - (line 18) -* show ipv6 ospf6 request-list A.B.C.D: Showing OSPF6 information. - (line 21) -* show ipv6 route: zebra Terminal Mode Commands. - (line 19) -* show ipv6 route ospf6: Showing OSPF6 information. - (line 24) -* show ipv6forward: zebra Terminal Mode Commands. - (line 28) -* show logging: Terminal Mode Commands. - (line 30) -* show version: Terminal Mode Commands. - (line 27) -* shutdown: Interface Commands. (line 9) -* smux peer OID: MIB and command reference. - (line 28) -* smux peer OID PASSWORD: MIB and command reference. - (line 31) -* table TABLENO: Static Route Commands. - (line 81) -* terminal length <0-512>: Terminal Mode Commands. - (line 17) -* timers basic UPDATE TIMEOUT GARBAGE: RIP Timers. (line 7) -* timers throttle spf DELAY INITIAL-HOLDTIME MAX-HOLDTIME: OSPF router. - (line 71) -* username USERNAME nopassword: VTY shell username. (line 7) -* version VERSION: RIP Version Control. (line 20) -* who: Terminal Mode Commands. - (line 21) -* write file: Terminal Mode Commands. - (line 10) -* write terminal: Terminal Mode Commands. - (line 7) - - -File: quagga.info, Node: VTY Key Index, Prev: Command Index, Up: Top - -VTY Key Index -************* - - -* Menu: - -* <DEL>: CLI Editing Commands. (line 11) -* <DOWN>: CLI Advanced Commands. - (line 17) -* <LEFT>: CLI Movement Commands. - (line 15) -* <RIGHT>: CLI Movement Commands. - (line 11) -* <TAB>: CLI Advanced Commands. - (line 24) -* <UP>: CLI Advanced Commands. - (line 21) -* ?: CLI Advanced Commands. - (line 27) -* C-a: CLI Movement Commands. - (line 24) -* C-b: CLI Movement Commands. - (line 15) -* C-c: CLI Advanced Commands. - (line 10) -* C-d: CLI Editing Commands. (line 14) -* C-e: CLI Movement Commands. - (line 27) -* C-f: CLI Movement Commands. - (line 11) -* C-h: CLI Editing Commands. (line 11) -* C-k: CLI Editing Commands. (line 23) -* C-n: CLI Advanced Commands. - (line 17) -* C-p: CLI Advanced Commands. - (line 21) -* C-t: CLI Editing Commands. (line 29) -* C-u: CLI Editing Commands. (line 26) -* C-w: CLI Editing Commands. (line 20) -* C-z: CLI Advanced Commands. - (line 13) -* M-b: CLI Movement Commands. - (line 21) -* M-d: CLI Editing Commands. (line 17) -* M-f: CLI Movement Commands. - (line 18) - - - -Tag Table: -Node: Top1971 -Node: Overview3329 -Node: About Quagga4730 -Node: System Architecture6983 -Node: Supported Platforms9673 -Node: Supported RFC10814 -Node: How to get Quagga12896 -Node: Mailing List13650 -Node: Bug Reports14097 -Node: Installation14975 -Node: Configure the Software15409 -Node: The Configure script and its options15657 -Node: Least-Privilege support18845 -Node: Linux notes20581 -Ref: Linux notes-Footnote-122439 -Node: Build the Software22505 -Node: Install the Software23053 -Node: Basic commands24513 -Node: Config Commands25288 -Node: Basic Config Commands26181 -Node: Sample Config File31671 -Node: Terminal Mode Commands32441 -Node: Common Invocation Options33538 -Node: Virtual Terminal Interfaces34945 -Node: VTY Overview35456 -Node: VTY Modes36707 -Node: VTY View Mode37157 -Node: VTY Enable Mode37407 -Node: VTY Other Modes37685 -Node: VTY CLI Commands37861 -Node: CLI Movement Commands38321 -Node: CLI Editing Commands38844 -Node: CLI Advanced Commands39432 -Node: Zebra40198 -Node: Invoking zebra40707 -Node: Interface Commands41238 -Node: Static Route Commands42770 -Node: zebra Terminal Mode Commands46043 -Node: RIP47008 -Node: Starting and Stopping ripd47969 -Node: RIP netmask49382 -Node: RIP Configuration50481 -Node: RIP Version Control53481 -Node: How to Announce RIP route55663 -Node: Filtering RIP Routes58228 -Node: RIP Metric Manipulation59695 -Node: RIP distance60608 -Node: RIP route-map61423 -Node: RIP Authentication63939 -Node: RIP Timers66182 -Node: Show RIP Information67470 -Node: RIP Debug Commands68843 -Node: RIPng69839 -Node: Invoking ripngd70159 -Node: ripngd Configuration70408 -Node: ripngd Terminal Mode Commands71159 -Node: ripngd Filtering Commands71523 -Node: OSPFv272032 -Node: Configuring ospfd72684 -Node: OSPF router73232 -Node: OSPF area81558 -Node: OSPF interface87683 -Ref: ip ospf dead-interval minimal89252 -Node: Redistribute routes to OSPF91824 -Node: Showing OSPF information94482 -Ref: show ip ospf94667 -Node: Debugging OSPF95998 -Node: OSPF Configuration Examples97073 -Node: OSPFv398443 -Node: OSPF6 router98796 -Node: OSPF6 area99150 -Node: OSPF6 interface99328 -Node: Redistribute routes to OSPF6100205 -Node: Showing OSPF6 information100521 -Node: OSPF6 Configuration Examples101378 -Node: BGP101799 -Node: Starting BGP102721 -Node: BGP router103298 -Node: BGP distance104542 -Node: BGP decision process104980 -Node: BGP network105462 -Node: BGP route105652 -Node: Route Aggregation106208 -Node: Redistribute to BGP106777 -Node: BGP Peer107304 -Node: Defining Peer107491 -Node: BGP Peer commands108104 -Node: Peer filtering110508 -Node: BGP Peer Group111016 -Node: BGP Address Family111329 -Node: Autonomous System111483 -Node: AS Path Regular Expression112360 -Node: Display BGP Routes by AS Path113607 -Node: AS Path Access List114047 -Node: Using AS Path in Route Map114514 -Node: Private AS Numbers114795 -Node: BGP Communities Attribute114953 -Node: BGP Community Lists117414 -Node: Numbered BGP Community Lists120068 -Node: BGP Community in Route Map121655 -Node: Display BGP Routes by Community123598 -Node: Using BGP Communities Attribute124767 -Node: BGP Extended Communities Attribute128335 -Node: BGP Extended Community Lists130107 -Node: BGP Extended Communities in Route Map131982 -Node: Displaying BGP routes132441 -Node: Show IP BGP132678 -Node: More Show IP BGP133378 -Node: Capability Negotiation134529 -Node: Route Reflector138001 -Node: Route Server138280 -Node: Multiple instance139346 -Node: BGP instance and view141191 -Node: Routing policy142571 -Node: Viewing the view143339 -Node: How to set up a 6-Bone connection143624 -Node: Dump BGP packets and table144996 -Node: BGP Configuration Examples145578 -Node: Configuring Quagga as a Route Server154529 -Node: Description of the Route Server model155490 -Ref: fig:normal-processing157067 -Ref: fig:full-mesh157669 -Ref: fig:route-server157764 -Ref: filter-delegation158159 -Ref: Route Server tasks159328 -Ref: Route-server path filter process159699 -Ref: fig:rs-processing162013 -Node: Commands for configuring a Route Server164422 -Node: Example of Route Server Configuration167449 -Node: Configuration of the BGP routers without Route Server168370 -Node: Configuration of the BGP routers with Route Server171253 -Node: Configuration of the Route Server itself172554 -Node: Further considerations about Import and Export route-maps177553 -Node: VTY shell180597 -Node: VTY shell username181266 -Node: VTY shell integrated configuration181898 -Node: Filtering183346 -Node: IP Access List183699 -Node: IP Prefix List184085 -Node: ip prefix-list description187104 -Node: ip prefix-list sequential number control187631 -Node: Showing ip prefix-list188173 -Node: Clear counter of ip prefix-list189281 -Node: Route Map189720 -Node: Route Map Command193165 -Node: Route Map Match Command193474 -Node: Route Map Set Command194098 -Node: Route Map Call Command195006 -Node: Route Map Exit Action Command195336 -Node: Route Map Examples195818 -Node: IPv6 Support196330 -Node: Router Advertisement196902 -Node: Kernel Interface202518 -Node: SNMP Support204475 -Node: Getting and installing an SNMP agent205074 -Node: SMUX configuration205647 -Node: MIB and command reference207783 -Node: Handling SNMP Traps209198 -Node: Zebra Protocol215277 -Node: Packet Binary Dump Format219366 -Node: Command Index230976 -Node: VTY Key Index289710 - -End Tag Table |